Þul Viðar 2III
Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Viðar heiti 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 882.
Hasl ‘Hazel’
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hasl (noun m.): °hassel
heggr ‘bird-cherry tree’
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heggr (noun m.): cherry-tree
hallarr ‘elder’
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hallarr (noun m.)
notes
[1] hallarr (m.) ‘elder’: A hap. leg. whose origin is unknown. The name may be related to ON hǫll, New Norw. hyll ‘elder’, Russian kalina ‘snowball tree’ (adopted in this edn; see ÍO: hallarr). According to Holthausen (1948, 104), the heiti is a loanword from OFr. hallier ‘bushes’.
hagþorn ‘hawthorn’
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hagþorn (noun m.)
notes
[2] reynir (m.) ‘rowan’: The rowan was the one of the few trees, along with the dwarf birch (fjallhrapi, st. 1/6 above), that were found in Iceland, and therefore the word occurs frequently in Icelandic names of places which had rowan-groves at the time of the settlement (see CVC: reynir). Reynir is used in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 40) to explain the origin of the group of man-kennings with masculine terms for trees as base-words. According to that passage, this popular kenning pattern originated from a confusion of reynir ‘tester’ (an agent noun derived from the weak verb reyna ‘test, try’) and reynir ‘rowan’. See also SnE 1998, I, 25, Grett Ævkv II 2/7V and 4/1-3V (Gr 40, 42) and Notes there. The corresponding kennings for ‘woman’ are similarly explained as a result of confusion of selja ‘sallow’ with selja ‘one who hands over sth. to sby’ (see selja ‘sallow’, st. 1/2 above and Þul Kvenna II 2/1).
notes
[3] ró (f.): So B (and the LaufE mss); the A variant ‘rø̨’ cannot be construed to make any sense in this context. As a heiti for ‘tree’ the word is not found elsewhere. It is possible that this heiti is not a term for a tree but rather denotes a pole (ró = rá f. ‘pole, sail-yard’).
almr ‘elm’
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almr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): bow, elm-bow
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
rót ‘root’
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1. rót (noun f.; °-ar; rǿtr): root
reyrr ‘reed’
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1. reyrr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i): °rørgræs, siv, tagrør
askr ‘ash’
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askr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): ash, ash-tree, ash-ship
apaldr ‘apple-tree’
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apaldr (noun m.; °apaldrs, dat. apaldri; apaldar, dat. apǫldrum/apǫldum, acc. apaldra/apalda): [orchard]
notes
[5] apaldr (m.) ‘apple-tree’: Found as a base-word in man-kennings in Sigrdr 5/2 and HHj 6/3. In skaldic poetry, the word occurs only once, where despite its m. gender it is used as a base-word in a kenning for ‘woman’ (Anon (LaufE) 1/4 línapaldr ‘flax-apple-tree’). It also occurs as the first element of the cpd apaldrgarðr ‘orchcard’ in Anon Pl 49/6VII (see Note there).
ǫsp ‘aspen’
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ǫsp (noun f.)
laurus ‘laurus’
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laurus (noun ?)
notes
[5] laurus: A Latin word for ‘laurel’, which in Old Norse occurs only in the present stanza. See also Introduction to Anon Þulur.
ulfviðr ‘cranberry bush’
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ulfviðr (noun m.)
notes
[6] ulfviðr (m.) ‘cranberry bush’: Lit. ‘wolf-wood’. Viburnum opulus, the European cranberry bush or Guelder rose.
lykkja ‘lykkja’
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2. lykkja (noun f.; °-u; -ur): °løkke, indhegnet jordstykke, vænge
notes
[6] lykkja (f.): Not otherwise attested as a botanical term in Old Norse. It is possibly derived from lykkja ‘lock, loop’ in the sense ‘curved’.
eik ‘oak’
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eik (noun f.; °eikr/eikar; eikr): oak
einir ‘juniper’
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einir (noun m.; °einirs, dat. & acc. eini): °juniper, juniper bush/tree
píll ‘willow’
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píll (noun m.; °píls, dat. píli): °piletræ, pil
notes
[7] píll (m.) ‘willow’: ModNorw., ModDan. pil ‘crack willow’ (Salix fragilis).
notes
[8] elri (n.) ‘alder’: So ms. A, where the word is morphologically a collective noun, while ms. B and the LaufE mss have elrir (m.). The latter is used as a base-word in man-kennings, where n. names for trees would be irregular. In kennings for ‘fire’, elris occurs as a determinant in the gen., which could be the gen. of both elri and elrir (e.g. Sturl Hákkv 7/7II elris gram ‘dog of the alder [FIRE]’).
palmar ‘palm-trees’
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palmi (noun m.; °-a): palm-tree
notes
[8] palmar ‘palm-trees’: Palmi (m.) ‘palm-tree’ is a loan-word from OE palm ‘palm-tree’ (AEW: palmi).
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Seven of the heiti for ‘tree’ listed in this stanza are not otherwise found in poetry: hasl m. ‘hazel’ and hallarr m. ‘elder’ (l. 1), ró f. (l. 3), laurus (l. 5), ulfviðr m. ‘cranberry bush’, lykkja f. (l. 6) and píll m. ‘willow’ (l. 7).
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