Carolyne Larrington and Peter Robinson (eds) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Sólarljóð 70’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 345-6.
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
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2. þá (adv.): then
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
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mikill (adj.; °mikinn): great, large
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hugr (noun m.): mind, thought, courage
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2. veita (verb): grant, give
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3. fár (adj.; °compar. fǽrri/fárri(Mág² 11), superl. fǽstr): few < fátœkr (adj.): poor
[3] fátækum: ‘fakękom’ 10575ˣ
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tœkr (adj.): [to poor] < fátœkr (adj.): poor
[3] fátækum: ‘fakękom’ 10575ˣ
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frami (noun m.): success
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lesa (verb): read
[4-6] lásu englar helgar bækr ok himna skript yfir höfði þeim ‘angels read holy books and heavenly writing over their heads’: Both alliteration and metre have gone awry in the last half of this st. There is no alliteration in ll. 4-5 and, although it supplies alliteration, the phrase ok himna skript makes l. 6 much too long. It is found only in 166bˣ and 8 other mss closely related to 166bˣ. Other eds have improved ll. 4-6 by altering the w.o.: Skj B, followed by Skald, have helgar bœkr | ok himna skript | lsu þeim englar yfir; Falk gives helgar bækr | ok himna skript; Fidjestøl puts ok himna skript in brackets, but leaves it at the beginning of l. 6.
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1. engill (noun m.; °engils; englar): angel
[4-6] lásu englar helgar bækr ok himna skript yfir höfði þeim ‘angels read holy books and heavenly writing over their heads’: Both alliteration and metre have gone awry in the last half of this st. There is no alliteration in ll. 4-5 and, although it supplies alliteration, the phrase ok himna skript makes l. 6 much too long. It is found only in 166bˣ and 8 other mss closely related to 166bˣ. Other eds have improved ll. 4-6 by altering the w.o.: Skj B, followed by Skald, have helgar bœkr | ok himna skript | lsu þeim englar yfir; Falk gives helgar bækr | ok himna skript; Fidjestøl puts ok himna skript in brackets, but leaves it at the beginning of l. 6.
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heilagr (adj.; °helgan; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): holy, sacred
[4-6] lásu englar helgar bækr ok himna skript yfir höfði þeim ‘angels read holy books and heavenly writing over their heads’: Both alliteration and metre have gone awry in the last half of this st. There is no alliteration in ll. 4-5 and, although it supplies alliteration, the phrase ok himna skript makes l. 6 much too long. It is found only in 166bˣ and 8 other mss closely related to 166bˣ. Other eds have improved ll. 4-6 by altering the w.o.: Skj B, followed by Skald, have helgar bœkr | ok himna skript | lsu þeim englar yfir; Falk gives helgar bækr | ok himna skript; Fidjestøl puts ok himna skript in brackets, but leaves it at the beginning of l. 6.
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1. bók (noun f.; °bǿkr/bókar; bǿkr): book
[4-6] lásu englar helgar bækr ok himna skript yfir höfði þeim ‘angels read holy books and heavenly writing over their heads’: Both alliteration and metre have gone awry in the last half of this st. There is no alliteration in ll. 4-5 and, although it supplies alliteration, the phrase ok himna skript makes l. 6 much too long. It is found only in 166bˣ and 8 other mss closely related to 166bˣ. Other eds have improved ll. 4-6 by altering the w.o.: Skj B, followed by Skald, have helgar bœkr | ok himna skript | lsu þeim englar yfir; Falk gives helgar bækr | ok himna skript; Fidjestøl puts ok himna skript in brackets, but leaves it at the beginning of l. 6.
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
[6] ok himna skript: om. papp15ˣ, 738ˣ, 167b 6ˣ, 214ˣ, 1441ˣ, 10575ˣ, 2797ˣ
[4-6] lásu englar helgar bækr ok himna skript yfir höfði þeim ‘angels read holy books and heavenly writing over their heads’: Both alliteration and metre have gone awry in the last half of this st. There is no alliteration in ll. 4-5 and, although it supplies alliteration, the phrase ok himna skript makes l. 6 much too long. It is found only in 166bˣ and 8 other mss closely related to 166bˣ. Other eds have improved ll. 4-6 by altering the w.o.: Skj B, followed by Skald, have helgar bœkr | ok himna skript | lsu þeim englar yfir; Falk gives helgar bækr | ok himna skript; Fidjestøl puts ok himna skript in brackets, but leaves it at the beginning of l. 6.
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himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky
[6] ok himna skript: om. papp15ˣ, 738ˣ, 167b 6ˣ, 214ˣ, 1441ˣ, 10575ˣ, 2797ˣ
[4-6] lásu englar helgar bækr ok himna skript yfir höfði þeim ‘angels read holy books and heavenly writing over their heads’: Both alliteration and metre have gone awry in the last half of this st. There is no alliteration in ll. 4-5 and, although it supplies alliteration, the phrase ok himna skript makes l. 6 much too long. It is found only in 166bˣ and 8 other mss closely related to 166bˣ. Other eds have improved ll. 4-6 by altering the w.o.: Skj B, followed by Skald, have helgar bœkr | ok himna skript | lsu þeim englar yfir; Falk gives helgar bækr | ok himna skript; Fidjestøl puts ok himna skript in brackets, but leaves it at the beginning of l. 6.
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1. skrift (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): image
[6] ok himna skript: om. papp15ˣ, 738ˣ, 167b 6ˣ, 214ˣ, 1441ˣ, 10575ˣ, 2797ˣ
[4-6] lásu englar helgar bækr ok himna skript yfir höfði þeim ‘angels read holy books and heavenly writing over their heads’: Both alliteration and metre have gone awry in the last half of this st. There is no alliteration in ll. 4-5 and, although it supplies alliteration, the phrase ok himna skript makes l. 6 much too long. It is found only in 166bˣ and 8 other mss closely related to 166bˣ. Other eds have improved ll. 4-6 by altering the w.o.: Skj B, followed by Skald, have helgar bœkr | ok himna skript | lsu þeim englar yfir; Falk gives helgar bækr | ok himna skript; Fidjestøl puts ok himna skript in brackets, but leaves it at the beginning of l. 6.
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yfir (prep.): over
[4-6] lásu englar helgar bækr ok himna skript yfir höfði þeim ‘angels read holy books and heavenly writing over their heads’: Both alliteration and metre have gone awry in the last half of this st. There is no alliteration in ll. 4-5 and, although it supplies alliteration, the phrase ok himna skript makes l. 6 much too long. It is found only in 166bˣ and 8 other mss closely related to 166bˣ. Other eds have improved ll. 4-6 by altering the w.o.: Skj B, followed by Skald, have helgar bœkr | ok himna skript | lsu þeim englar yfir; Falk gives helgar bækr | ok himna skript; Fidjestøl puts ok himna skript in brackets, but leaves it at the beginning of l. 6.
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hǫfuð (noun n.; °-s; -): head
[4-6] lásu englar helgar bækr ok himna skript yfir höfði þeim ‘angels read holy books and heavenly writing over their heads’: Both alliteration and metre have gone awry in the last half of this st. There is no alliteration in ll. 4-5 and, although it supplies alliteration, the phrase ok himna skript makes l. 6 much too long. It is found only in 166bˣ and 8 other mss closely related to 166bˣ. Other eds have improved ll. 4-6 by altering the w.o.: Skj B, followed by Skald, have helgar bœkr | ok himna skript | lsu þeim englar yfir; Falk gives helgar bækr | ok himna skript; Fidjestøl puts ok himna skript in brackets, but leaves it at the beginning of l. 6.
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
[4-6] lásu englar helgar bækr ok himna skript yfir höfði þeim ‘angels read holy books and heavenly writing over their heads’: Both alliteration and metre have gone awry in the last half of this st. There is no alliteration in ll. 4-5 and, although it supplies alliteration, the phrase ok himna skript makes l. 6 much too long. It is found only in 166bˣ and 8 other mss closely related to 166bˣ. Other eds have improved ll. 4-6 by altering the w.o.: Skj B, followed by Skald, have helgar bœkr | ok himna skript | lsu þeim englar yfir; Falk gives helgar bækr | ok himna skript; Fidjestøl puts ok himna skript in brackets, but leaves it at the beginning of l. 6.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
In a vision recounted in the Annals of S. Bertin, attributed to a ‘religious English man’, boys, who represent the blessed, read books with red and black script in alternating lines; the red ink recounts the deeds of the wicked, the black tells of good deeds (Grat et al. 1964, 29-30). Larrington (2002, 184) notes the preponderance of loan-words and references to church accoutrements in the description of the pleasures of heaven.
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