Ok allsnœfrir jǫfrar
orðalaust at morði
— endisk rauðra randa
rǫdd — dynskotum kvǫddusk.
Ok allsnœfrir jǫfrar kvǫddusk orðalaust dynskotum at morði; rǫdd rauðra randa endisk.
And the very vigorous rulers greeted each other wordlessly with din-shots at the battle; the voice of the red shields [BATTLE] sufficed.
[4] kvǫddusk: so F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, FskBˣ, FskAˣ, Flat, 761aˣ(20v/8), ‘kvꜹddr’ Kˣ
[2, 4] kvǫddusk orðalaust dynskotum ‘greeted each other wordlessly with din-shots’: The opponents’ shooting at one another is metaphorically compared to a greeting (kvǫddusk). This metaphorical use is made more explicit by the blend of the figurative (kvǫddusk ‘greeted each other’) and the concrete (dynskotum ‘with din-shots’). Orðalaust ‘wordlessly’, a n. adj. used adverbially, focuses additional attention on the metaphorical use of kvǫddusk by directly contradicting it. The metaphor is then reiterated by the kenning rǫdd rauðra randa ‘the voice of the red shields [BATTLE]’ (cf. Fidjestøl 1982, 219).
Weak verbs: Type 1
berja ‘fight’ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative | Subjunctive | Imp. | ||||
Present | Past | Present | Past | Pres. | ||
Active voice | ||||||
sing. pl. | 1 2 3 1 2 3 | ber berr berr berjum berjið berja | barða barðir barði bǫrðum bǫrðuð bǫrðu | berja berir beri berim berið beri | berða berðir berði berðim berðið berði | ber berjum berið |
infinitive pres. part. past part. | berja berjandi bar(i)t | |||||
Middle voice | ||||||
sing. pl. | 1 2 3 1 2 3 | berjumk bersk bersk berjumk berizk berjask | bǫrðumk barðisk barðisk bǫrðumk bǫðuzk bǫrðusk | berjumk berisk berisk berimk berizk berisk | berðumk berðisk berðisk berðimk berðizk berðisk | bersk berjumk berizk |
infinitive pres. part. past part. | berjask berjandisk bar(i)zk | |||||
heyra ‘hear’ | ||||||
Indicative | Subjunctive | Imp. | ||||
Present | Past | Present | Past | Pres. | ||
Active voice | ||||||
sing. pl. | 1 2 3 1 2 3 | heyri heyrir heyrir heyrum heryið heyra | heyrða heyrðir heyrði heyrðum heyrðuð heyrðu | heyra heyrir heyri heyrim heyrið heyri | heyrða heyrðir heyrði heyrðim heyrðið heyrði | heyr heyrum heyrið |
infinitive pres. part. past part. | heyra heyrandi heyr(i)t | |||||
Middle voice | ||||||
sing. pl. | 1 2 3 1 2 3 | heyrumk heyrisk heyrisk heyrumk heyrizk heyrask | heyrðumk heyrðisk heyrðisk heyrðumk heyrðuzk heyrðusk | heyrumk heyrisk heyrisk heyrimk heyrizk heyrisk | heyrðumk heyrðisk heyrðisk heyrðimk heyrðizk heyrðisk | heyrsk heyrumk heyrizk |
infinitive pres. part. past part. | heyrask heyrandisk heyrzk |