R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Haraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál) 3’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 97.
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hvat (pron.): what
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
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hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven
[1] hrafnar ‘ravens’: Though the next stanza refers to ‘the dark-feathered one’, here the valkyrie addresses more than one raven. The sg. nefi ‘beak’ (l. 3) and munni ‘mouth’ (l. 6) are accordingly translated as plurals here, though the sg. need not be regarded as illogical but rather as a matter of focus.
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hvaðan (adv.): whence, from where
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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ér (pron.; °gen. yðvar/yðar, dat./acc. yðr): you
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
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með (prep.): with
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dreyrugr (adj.; °dreyrgan/dreyrugan; superl. dreyrgastr): bloody
[3] dreyrgu: corrected from ‘dræygu’ 302ˣ
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nef (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): nose, beak
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3. at (prep.): at, to
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dagr (noun m.; °-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹n.); -ar): day
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3. verðr (adj.): worth, worthy < ǫndverðr (adj.): early, beginning
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hold (noun n.; °-s; -): flesh
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2. loða (verb): [cleaves, hangs]
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
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í (prep.): in, into
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kló (noun f.; °-; klǿr): claw
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hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
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þefr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -): [carrion]
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
[6] gengr: gengr yðr FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ
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3. ór (prep.): out of
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munnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): mouth
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nær (adv.): near, almost; when
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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider
[7] hygg ek yðr bjoggu ‘I think you lodged’: Lit. ‘I think you to have lodged’, an acc. with inf. construction introduced by a form of hyggja ‘think’, as also in sts 5/1 and 17/7; cf. 21/8. This is perhaps the only attestation of bjoggu, pret. inf. to búa (Sueti 1884, 24), surely a more original reading than finite bjogguð of the FskA transcripts, because it is more unusual.
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
[7] hygg ek yðr bjoggu ‘I think you lodged’: Lit. ‘I think you to have lodged’, an acc. with inf. construction introduced by a form of hyggja ‘think’, as also in sts 5/1 and 17/7; cf. 21/8. This is perhaps the only attestation of bjoggu, pret. inf. to búa (Sueti 1884, 24), surely a more original reading than finite bjogguð of the FskA transcripts, because it is more unusual.
[7] hygg ek yðr bjoggu ‘I think you lodged’: Lit. ‘I think you to have lodged’, an acc. with inf. construction introduced by a form of hyggja ‘think’, as also in sts 5/1 and 17/7; cf. 21/8. This is perhaps the only attestation of bjoggu, pret. inf. to búa (Sueti 1884, 24), surely a more original reading than finite bjogguð of the FskA transcripts, because it is more unusual.
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í (prep.): in, into
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nátt (noun f.; °náttar/nǽtr, dat. -/-u; nǽtr): night
[7] bjoggu: bjogguð FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ
[7] hygg ek yðr bjoggu ‘I think you lodged’: Lit. ‘I think you to have lodged’, an acc. with inf. construction introduced by a form of hyggja ‘think’, as also in sts 5/1 and 17/7; cf. 21/8. This is perhaps the only attestation of bjoggu, pret. inf. to búa (Sueti 1884, 24), surely a more original reading than finite bjogguð of the FskA transcripts, because it is more unusual.
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4. at (conj.): that
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1. vita (verb): know
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
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nár (noun m.; °-s; -ir): corpse
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nær (adv.): near, almost; when
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1. vita (verb): know
[8] vissuð: so FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, vissu at 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ
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ná (noun f.): carrion
[8] nái: nár 51ˣ, 302ˣ, FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, nær FskBˣ
[8] nái ‘corpses’: This slightly emended form appears in 761aˣ (on which, see Introduction). Jón Helgason (1946, 135) points out that the ‘nar’ of most of the mss could alternatively be emended to ná, to be construed as a generic (acc.) sg.
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liggja (verb): lie
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