Gamlkan Has 22VII
Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 22’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 92-3.
Þjófr ‘thief’
(not checked:)
þjófr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): thief
annarr ‘One’
(not checked:)
1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second
þannig ‘thus’
(not checked:)
þannig (adv.): thus, there, that way
[1] tók þannig: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘t[...]k þ[...]neg’ B
þrif ‘of well-being’
(not checked:)
þrif (noun n.; °; -): prosperity < þrifvaldr (noun m.)
kennings
gǫfugr þrifvaldr:‘noble promoter of well-being: ’
= God
noble promoter of well-being: → God
valdr ‘promoter’
(not checked:)
valdr (noun m.): ruler < þrifvaldr (noun m.)
kennings
gǫfugr þrifvaldr:‘noble promoter of well-being: ’
= God
noble promoter of well-being: → God
gǫfugr ‘noble’
(not checked:)
gǫfugr (adj.; °gǫfgan/gǫfugan; compar. gǫfgari/gǫfugri, superl. gǫfgastr/gǫfugstr/gǫfugastr): noble, glorious
kennings
gǫfugr þrifvaldr:‘noble promoter of well-being: ’
= God
noble promoter of well-being: → God
aldar ‘of men’
(not checked:)
ǫld (noun f.; °; aldir): people, age
kennings
gram aldar,‘the prince of men, ’
= God
the prince of men, → God
sôl ‘soul’
(not checked:)
sál (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): soul
vas ‘was’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
hans ‘his’
(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
ófs ‘excessively’
(not checked:)
ófs (adv.): excessively
notes
[3] ófs ‘excessively’: Kock (NN §1192) suggests that the manuscript reading ófs, which he takes to be an intensifying adverbial expression meaning ‘excessively’, is preferable to ofs, which was suggested by Sveinbjörn Egilsson in a note to 444ˣ, and was adopted by Skj B. LP lists no other occurrence of ofs, which is glossed overmodig ‘arrogant’, as it is in Skj B, though the form is common in MIcel. The intensifier ófs is found also in Has 9/7, and is the preferred reading here.
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
ælig ‘vile’
(not checked:)
æligr (adj.): [a vile, vile]
ó ‘’
(not checked:)
ó- ((prefix)): un- < ósæll (adj.): [unlucky]
sæl ‘wretched’
(not checked:)
sæll (adj.): happy, blessed < ósæll (adj.): [unlucky]
við ‘to’
(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against
gram ‘the prince’
(not checked:)
1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
kennings
gram aldar,‘the prince of men, ’
= God
the prince of men, → God
mæla ‘to speak’
(not checked:)
1. mæla (verb): speak, say
Nú ‘Now’
(not checked:)
nú (adv.): now
sýn ‘show’
(not checked:)
sýna (verb): show, seem
afl ‘might’
(not checked:)
2. afl (noun n.; °-s; *-): strength
ins ‘of the’
(not checked:)
2. inn (art.): the
eina ‘one’
(not checked:)
2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone
[5] eina: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘e[...]a’ B
alls ‘since’
(not checked:)
allr (adj.): all
þú ‘you’
(not checked:)
þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
guðs ‘God’
(not checked:)
1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God
sonr ‘the son’
(not checked:)
sonr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. syni; synir, acc. sonu, syni): son
[6] sonr: son B
kallask ‘call yourself’
(not checked:)
kalla (verb): call
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
með ‘with’
(not checked:)
með (prep.): with
ǫflgu ‘mighty’
(not checked:)
ǫflugr (adj.): mighty, strong
ríki ‘power’
(not checked:)
ríki (noun n.; °-s; -): kingdom, power
oss ‘us’
(not checked:)
vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our
stíg ‘step’
(not checked:)
stíga (verb): step
niðr ‘down’
(not checked:)
3. niðr (adv.): down
af ‘from’
(not checked:)
af (prep.): from
krossi ‘the Cross’
(not checked:)
kross (noun m.; °-, dat. -i; -ar): cross, crucifix
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The story of the two thieves, one repentant, the other not, is found only in S. Luke’s Gospel (XXIII.39-43). The other synoptic gospels state baldly that both thieves joined the bystanders in mocking Christ (cf. Matt. XXVII.44, Mark XV.32). Gamli appears to be conflating the thief’s words si tu es Christus salvum fac temet ipsum et nos ‘if thou be Christ, save thyself and us’ (Luke XXIII.39) with the more specific jibes of the bystanders: si Filius Dei es descende de cruce ‘if thou be the Son of God, come down from the Cross’ (Matt. XXVII.40; cf. Matt. XXVII.42, Mark XV.30). The effect is to heighten the dramatic irony of the taunt.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.