Tarrin Wills (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Lausavísur, Stanzas from the Third Grammatical Treatise 19’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 550.
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halda (verb): hold, keep
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1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword < hringtǫpuðr (noun m.)
[1] hringtǫpuð ‘the ring-destroyer [GENEROUS MAN]’: Adopting W’s reading of nom. hringtǫpuðr, SnE 1848-87 construes Hringtǫpuðr haldi! Stýrir himinríkis hæfi ok varðveiti, styrki ok staðfesti ‘May the ring-destroyer [GENEROUS MAN] protect! May the controller of the kingdom of heaven [= God] raise and preserve, strengthen and confirm’, which leaves both sentences without an object.
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tǫpuðr (noun m.): destroyer < hringtǫpuðr (noun m.)
[1] ‑tǫpuð: ‑tǫpuðr W
[1] hringtǫpuð ‘the ring-destroyer [GENEROUS MAN]’: Adopting W’s reading of nom. hringtǫpuðr, SnE 1848-87 construes Hringtǫpuðr haldi! Stýrir himinríkis hæfi ok varðveiti, styrki ok staðfesti ‘May the ring-destroyer [GENEROUS MAN] protect! May the controller of the kingdom of heaven [= God] raise and preserve, strengthen and confirm’, which leaves both sentences without an object.
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hefja (verb): lift, start
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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varðveita (verb): [preserve]
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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3. staðfesta (verb): confirm
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stýrir (noun m.): ruler, controller
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himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky < himinríki (noun n.): Heaven
[4] himinríkis: so W, ‘himirikis’ A
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ríki (noun n.; °-s; -): kingdom, power < himinríki (noun n.): Heaven
[4] himinríkis: so W, ‘himirikis’ A
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Cited as an example of hypozeuxis (‘ypozeusis’), i.e. the use of many verbs with a single subject (TGT 1927, 67): Ypozeusis gefr mǫrg orð einni persónu ‘Hypozeuxis connects many verbs with one person [subject]’.
Hypozeuxis is illustrated here by the use of one subject (stýrir himinrikis ‘controller of the kingdom of heaven’) with multiple verbs (haldi ‘support’, hefi ‘raise’, etc.). — The second of three málaháttr stanzas about a ruler (the others being st. 18 and Ólhv Frag 6), here identifiable as a Christian one. Unlike Anon (TGT) 18 and Ólhv Frag 6, this fragment appears to be in the form of a prayer.
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