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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Anon Mv III 29VII/6 — kveðr ‘will call’

Máría, gief þú, meyin dýr,
mjúkust, þeim eð er sjúkr,
linun, að laung pín
líði, sú er vár bíðr,
því að ór heimi, hæst blóm,
hieðan, trúi eg, oss kveðr
sannur guð sonr þinn;
sálum hjálpi þitt mál.

Mjúkust Máría, gief þú, dýr meyin, linun, þeim eð er sjúkr, að laung pín, sú er bíðr vár, líði, því að, hæst blóm, sannur guð, sonr þinn, kveðr oss hieðan ór heimi, trúi eg; mál þitt hjálpi sálum.

Gentlest Mary, give, precious Virgin, comfort to the one who is sick, so that the long torment which awaits us may pass, because, highest blossom, the true God, your son, will call us away from this world, I believe; may your plea help souls.

notes

[6] oss ... kveðr ‘us ... will call’: Skj B and Skald insert the conj. er ‘when’ before oss ‘us’, which gives the following translation of the second helmingr: ‘because I believe, highest blossom, that, when the true God, your son, calls us away from this world, your words will save the souls’. Wrightson makes no emendations and gives the following translation: ‘because I believe that true God, your son, will call us hence out of the world; may your speech save souls’. The problem with both readings is that they presuppose a suppressed conj. ‘that’ (eg trúi, ‘I believe that’), and that conj. cannot be omitted.

grammar

Weak verbs: Type 1

berja ‘fight’


IndicativeSubjunctiveImp.


PresentPastPresentPastPres.


Active voice
sing.


pl.
1
2
3
1
2
3
ber
berr
berr
berjum
berjið
berja
barða
barðir
barði
bǫrðum
bǫrðuð
bǫrðu
berja
berir
beri
berim
berið
beri
berða
berðir
berði
berðim
berðið
berði

ber

berjum
berið
infinitive
pres. part.
past part.
berja
berjandi
bar(i)t


Middle voice
sing.


pl.
1
2
3
1
2
3
berjumk
bersk
bersk
berjumk
berizk
berjask
bǫrðumk
barðisk
barðisk
bǫrðumk
bǫðuzk
bǫrðusk
berjumk
berisk
berisk
berimk
berizk
berisk
berðumk
berðisk
berðisk
berðimk
berðizk
berðisk

bersk

berjumk
berizk
infinitive
pres. part.
past part.
berjask
berjandisk
bar(i)zk

heyra ‘hear’


IndicativeSubjunctiveImp.


PresentPastPresentPastPres.


Active voice
sing.


pl.
1
2
3
1
2
3
heyri
heyrir
heyrir
heyrum
heryið
heyra
heyrða
heyrðir
heyrði
heyrðum
heyrðuð
heyrðu
heyra
heyrir
heyri
heyrim
heyrið
heyri
heyrða
heyrðir
heyrði
heyrðim
heyrðið
heyrði

heyr

heyrum
heyrið
infinitive
pres. part.
past part.
heyra
heyrandi
heyr(i)t


Middle voice
sing.


pl.
1
2
3
1
2
3
heyrumk
heyrisk
heyrisk
heyrumk
heyrizk
heyrask
heyrðumk
heyrðisk
heyrðisk
heyrðumk
heyrðuzk
heyrðusk
heyrumk
heyrisk
heyrisk
heyrimk
heyrizk
heyrisk
heyrðumk
heyrðisk
heyrðisk
heyrðimk
heyrðizk
heyrðisk

heyrsk

heyrumk
heyrizk
infinitive
pres. part.
past part.
heyrask
heyrandisk
heyrzk
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