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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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SnSt Ht 83III/8 —  ‘one must’

Naðrs gnapa ógn alla,
eyðir baugvalla,
hlunns of hástalla
hestar svanfjalla.
Orms es glatt galla
með gumna spjalla;
jarl fremr sveit snjalla;
slíkt skǫrung kalla.

Eyðir baugvalla, hestar svanfjalla gnapa of hástalla hlunns alla ógn naðrs. Es glatt með spjalla gumna galla orms; jarl fremr snjalla sveit; slíkt kalla skǫrung.

Destroyer of shieldboss-meadows [SHIELDS > WARRIOR = Skúli], horses of swan-mountains [WAVES > SHIPS] tower in the tall foundations of the roller throughout the entire terror of the adder [WINTER]. It is cheerful with the confidant of men [RULER] during the destruction of the snake [WINTER]; the jarl advances the clever company; such [a one] one must call an outstanding person.

grammar

Verbs: Preterite-present verbs

The present tense of these verbs is like the past tense of strong verbs, and their past tense is weak.

eigamegakunnaskulumunumuna
indic.
pres.
sing.


pl.
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
á
átt
á
eigum
eiguð
eigu

mátt

megum
meguð
megu
kann
kannt
kann
kunnum
kunnuð
kunnu
skal
skalt
skal
skulum
skuluð
skulu
mun
munt
mun
munum
munuð
munu
man
mant
man
munum
munið
muna
indic. past stem
subj. pres. stem
subj. past stem
átt-
eig-
ætt-
mátt-
meg-
mætt-
kunn-
kunn-
kynn-
skyld-
skyl-
skyld-
mund-
myn-
mynd-
mund-
mun-
mynd-
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