5. Other features
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a. Apostrophes: normally just 'prince' rather than 'O prince'.
b. Where the poet refers to himself through nouns such as greppr, skáld, or drengr; third-person verbs ‡ or first person plural verbs, translate literally but explain, e.g., 'the poet [I]', 'we [I]' where certain this is what is meant.
‡ c. Other features which cannot be translated literally may be clarified by the notation:
A battle-strong, less harmful [lit. more unharmful] Viðurr…
Or explain in a note.
‡ d. Understatement in the text should be preserved if possible, e.g. hafðit brjóst sér lítit 'he had no small courage in himself' or flestr 'most people' rather than 'everyone'.