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Áróns frændi
‘to Aaron’s kinsman’ = Moses
to Aaron’s kinsman; → Moses
Moses
1. relative of Aaron
dróttinn leiftra skríns
‘of the lord of lightnings’ shrine’ = God
lightnings’ shrine → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
God
1.1. lord of heaven
leiftra skrín
‘of lightnings’ shrine’ = SKY/HEAVEN
lightnings’ shrine → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
2.4. shrine of the lightning
móðir hilmis hlýrna
‘for the mother of the ruler of the sun and the moon’ = Mary
the ruler of the sun and the moon; → God
for the mother of GOD → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
hilmir hlýrna
‘of the ruler of the sun and the moon’ = God
the ruler of the sun and the moon; → God
Jesus Christ
1.01.1. lord of heavenly bodies
umgaupnandi allrar skepnu
‘encompasser of all creation’ = God
Encompasser of all creation, → God
God
4.3. encompasser of creation
ítarligr ǫðlingr bjartra röðla
‘magnificent prince of bright suns’ = God
magnificent prince of bright suns, → God
God
1.2. lord of heavenly bodies
þengill himna
‘the lord of the heavens’ = God
the lord of the heavens → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
móðir dróttins
‘to the mother of the lord’ = Mary
to the mother of the Lord,’ → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
göfugur gætir góðra klerka
‘the glorious guardian of good clerics’ = BISHOP = Augustine
the glorious guardian of good clerics; → BISHOP = Augustine
bishop
. guardian of clerics
mætust móðir dróttins
‘the most magnificent mother of the lord’ = Mary
the most magnificent mother of the Lord, → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
guðs sonr
‘god’s son’ = Christ
God’s son → Christ
Jesus Christ
2.1. son of God
móðir dróttins
‘mother of the lord’ = Mary
mother of the Lord, → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
mætan gætir himna
‘the glorious guardian of the heavens’ = God
the glorious guardian of the heavens; → God
Jesus Christ
3.1. guardian of heaven
fǫgnuðr allra bragna
‘the delight of all men’ = Christ
the delight of all men → Christ
Jesus Christ
eingi hlynr branda
‘no maple of swords’ = WARRIOR
No maple of swords → WARRIOR
warrior
1.1.1. tree of the sword
tíginn valdr presta*
‘the esteemed ruler of priests’ = BISHOP = Augustine
the esteemed ruler of priests → BISHOP = Augustine
bishop
2. ruler of clerics
þengill himna
‘the lord of the heavens’ = God
the lord of the heavens → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
sæt brúðr dróttins sætis dægra
‘the sweet bride of the lord of the seat of days and nights’ = Mary
the seat of days and nights → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
The sweet bride of GOD → Mary
Mary
2.1. woman of God
dróttinn sætis dægra
‘of the lord of the seat of days and nights’ = God
the seat of days and nights → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
God
1.1. lord of heaven
sæti dægra
‘of the seat of days and nights’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the seat of days and nights → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
8.4. abode of days and nights
gætir munka
‘the guardian of monks’ = BISHOP = Augustine
the guardian of monks. → BISHOP = Augustine
bishop
. guardian of clerics
móðir siklings sunnu grundar
‘the mother of the ruler of the sun’s land’ = Mary
the sun’s land → SKY/HEAVEN
the ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
The mother of GOD → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
siklingr sunnu grundar
‘of the ruler of the sun’s land’ = God
the sun’s land → SKY/HEAVEN
the ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
sunnu grund
‘of the sun’s land’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the sun’s land → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
6.1.1. land of the sun
fróðan stýrir mítra
‘the learned commander of mitres’ = BISHOP = Augustine
the learned commander of mitres: → BISHOP = Augustine
bishop
4. man of Christian symbols, attire
gætir eingla
‘of the guardian of angels’ = God
the guardian of angels → God
Jesus Christ
3.3. guardian of angels
blessuð móðir miskunnar
‘the blessed mother of mercy’ = Mary
the blessed mother of mercy. → Mary
Mary
6.1. woman of virtue
fleinhristandi
‘spear-shakers’ = WARRIORS
spear-shakers → WARRIORS
warrior
1.7.01.1. shaker of the weapon
fylkir sunnu
‘the ruler of the sun’ = God
the ruler of the sun → God
Jesus Christ
1.01.1. lord of heavenly bodies
heilagr deilir skepnu
‘the holy ordainer of creation’ = God
the holy ordainer of creation → God
Jesus Christ
1.06. lord of creation
sonr guðs
‘the son of god’ = Christ
the son of God → Christ
Jesus Christ
2.1. son of God
lausnari lofts og himna
‘the redeemer of the air and the heavens’ = Christ
the redeemer of the air and the heavens → Christ
Jesus Christ
stolpi hjálpar
‘the pillar of salvation’ = CROSS
the pillar of salvation → CROSS
cross
. pillar of salvation
tré hölda
‘the tree of men’ = CROSS
the tree of men, → CROSS
cross
. tree of people
vísir dýrðar
‘for the prince of splendour’ = God
for the prince of splendour; → God
Jesus Christ
1.04. lord of glory
hilmir sólar
‘the ruler of the sun’ = God
the ruler of the sun → God
Jesus Christ
1.01.1. lord of heavenly bodies
stillir störnuhallar
‘lord of the star-hall’ = God
the star-hall; → SKY/HEAVEN
lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
God
1.1. lord of heaven
störnuhǫll
‘of the star-hall’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the star-hall; → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
1.2.5. house of the star
eilífligastr deilir skepnu
‘the most eternal ordainer of creation’ = God
The most eternal ordainer of creation → God
God
1.10. lord of creation
máttuligrar móðir dróttins
‘the mighty mother of the lord’ = Mary
the mighty mother of the Lord, → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
sveiti benja
‘the sweat of injuries’ = BLOOD
the sweat of injuries. → BLOOD
blood
1.1. liquid of wounds (A2)
ǫðlingr bjartra röðla
‘the prince of bright suns’ = God
the prince of bright suns, → God
Jesus Christ
1.01.1. lord of heavenly bodies
stýrir eingla
‘the controller of angels’ = God
the controller of angels → God
Jesus Christ
1.03. lord of angels
móðir Jésús
‘the mother of Jesus’ = Mary
the mother of Jesus; → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
móðir gætis eingla
‘mother of the guardian of angels’ = Mary
the guardian of angels → God
mother of GOD → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
gætir eingla
‘of the guardian of angels’ = God
the guardian of angels → God
Jesus Christ
3.3. guardian of angels
ítarligr, blessaðr þengill grundar eingla
‘the glorious, blessed lord of the land of angels’ = God
the land of angels → SKY/HEAVEN
The glorious, blessed lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
God
1.1. lord of heaven
grund eingla
‘of the land of angels’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the land of angels → SKY/HEAVEN
heaven (Christian)
2.3. land of angels
stillir leiftra
‘of the prince of lightnings’ = God
the prince of lightnings. → God
God
1.11. lord of lightnings
eilífligastr deilir skepnu
‘the most eternal ordainer of creation’ = God
The most eternal ordainer of creation → God
God
1.10. lord of creation
stillir hlýrna
‘for the prince of the sun and moon’ = God
for the prince of the sun and moon; → God
Jesus Christ
1.01.1. lord of heavenly bodies
bragningr hválfs byrjar
‘of the lord of the vault of fair wind’ = God
the vault of fair wind → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
God
1.1. lord of heaven
hvalf byrjar
‘of the vault of fair wind’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the vault of fair wind → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
4.1. roof of weather
móðir dróttins
‘the mother of the lord’ = Mary
the mother of the Lord; → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
signuð brúðr bragnings hválfs byrjar
‘the blessed bride of the lord of the vault of fair wind’ = Mary
the vault of fair wind → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
The blessed bride of GOD → Mary
Mary
2.1. woman of God
‘lofðungr hauðrs sólar
‘‘the lord of the land of the sun’ = God
the land of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
‘The lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
hauðr sólar
‘of the land of the sun’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the land of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
6.1.1. land of the sun
móðir dróttins
‘the mother of the lord’ = Mary
the mother of the Lord, → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
sonr guðs
‘of the son of god’ = Christ
the son of God → Christ
Jesus Christ
2.1. son of God
eilífligastr deilir skepnu
‘the most eternal ordainer of creation’ = God
The most eternal ordainer of creation → God
God
1.10. lord of creation
‘skjǫldungr hauðrs skýja
‘‘lord of the land of clouds’ = God
the land of clouds, → SKY/HEAVEN
‘Lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
hauðr skýja
‘of the land of clouds’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the land of clouds, → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
6.4. land of the cloud
máttugr stillir þjóðar mána stiettar
‘the mighty prince of the people of the moon’s path’ = God
the moon’s path → SKY/HEAVEN
the people of the SKY/HEAVEN → ANGELS
The mighty prince of ANGELS → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
þjóðar mána stiettar
‘of the people of the moon’s path’ = ANGELS
the moon’s path → SKY/HEAVEN
the people of the SKY/HEAVEN → ANGELS
angel
1. men of heaven (B2b)
mána stétt
‘of the moon’s path’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the moon’s path → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
7.2. path of the moon
prýðir eingla
‘the adorner of angels’ = God
the adorner of angels. → God
Jesus Christ
. adorner of the angels
vísir sólar
‘the ruler of the sun’ = God
the ruler of the sun, ‘[and] → God
Jesus Christ
1.01.1. lord of heavenly bodies
stillir himna
‘of the prince of the heavens’ = God
the prince of the heavens, → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
gætir aldar
‘of the guardian of people’ = God
the guardian of people, → God
Jesus Christ
3.2. guardian of people
móðir yfirþjóðkonungs allra jöfra
‘mother of the supreme king of all princes’ = Mary
the supreme king of all princes → God
mother of GOD → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
yfirþjóðkonungr allra jöfra
‘of the supreme king of all princes’ = God
the supreme king of all princes → God
Jesus Christ
1.02.1. lord of princes
mildingr hauðrs mána
‘the ruler of the land of the moon’ = God
the land of the moon → SKY/HEAVEN
the ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
hauðr mána
‘of the land of the moon’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the land of the moon → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
6.1.2. land of the moon
inn hæsti herra hlýrna
‘the highest lord of the sun and moon’ = God
the highest lord of the sun and moon; → God
Jesus Christ
1.01.1. lord of heavenly bodies
lundr geira
‘the trees of spears’ = WARRIORS
The trees of spears, → WARRIORS
warrior
1.1.3. tree of the spear
siklingr sólar
‘the lord of the sun’ = God
the lord of the sun → God
Jesus Christ
1.01.1. lord of heavenly bodies
deilir skepnu
‘the ordainer of creation’ = Christ
the ordainer of creation. → Christ
Jesus Christ
1.06. lord of creation
móðir yfirþjóðkonungs allra jöfra
‘mother of the supreme king of all princes’ = Mary
the supreme king of all princes → God
mother of GOD → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
yfirþjóðkonungr allra jöfra
‘of the supreme king of all princes’ = God
the supreme king of all princes → God
Jesus Christ
1.02.1. lord of princes
stýrir merkja
‘to the controller of symbols’ = BISHOP = Augustine
to the controller of symbols: → BISHOP = Augustine
bishop
4. man of Christian symbols, attire
dauðan stillir hauðurs mána
‘the dead lord of the land of the moon’ = God
the land of the moon’; → SKY/HEAVEN
the dead lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
hauðr mána
‘of the land of the moon’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the land of the moon’; → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
6.1.2. land of the moon
fróðust móðir dróttins
‘the most wise mother of the lord’ = Mary
the most wise mother of the Lord. → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
hilmir runna* láða* sunnu
‘of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun’ = God
the lands of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the trees of the SKY/HEAVEN → ANGELS
the lord of ANGELS → God
Jesus Christ
1.03. lord of angels
runnr láða* sunnu
‘of the trees of the lands of the sun’ = ANGELS
the lands of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the trees of the SKY/HEAVEN → ANGELS
angel
1.3. tree of heaven
láð sunnu
‘of the lands of the sun’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the lands of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
6.1.1. land of the sun
móðir lofðungs veldis himna
‘the mother of the ruler of the realm of the heavens’ = Mary
the ruler of the realm of the heavens, → God
the mother of GOD → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
lofðungs veldi himna
‘of the ruler of the realm of the heavens’ = God
the ruler of the realm of the heavens, → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
stillir heiðar tjalds
‘of the lord of the heath’s tent’ = God
the heath’s tent. → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
heiðar tjald
‘of the heath’s tent’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the heath’s tent. → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
3.1. tent of the land
móðir yfirþjóðkonungs allra jöfra
‘mother of the supreme king of all princes’ = Mary
the supreme king of all princes → God
mother of GOD → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
yfirþjóðkonungr allra jöfra
‘of the supreme king of all princes’ = God
the supreme king of all princes → God
Jesus Christ
1.02.1. lord of princes
hilmir vænnar stiettar bjartrar sólar
‘May the prince of the splendid path of the bright sun’ = God
the splendid path of the bright sun → SKY/HEAVEN
May the prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
vænnar stétt bjartrar sólar
‘of the splendid path of the bright sun’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the splendid path of the bright sun → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
7.1. path of the sun
gæzkumild móðir Jésús
‘the beneficent [lit. good-will generous] mother of Jesus’ = Mary
the beneficent [lit. good-will generous] mother of Jesus, → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
‘prúðr ræsir borgar regna
‘‘the splendid ruler of the stronghold of rains’ = God
the stronghold of rains, → SKY/HEAVEN
‘The splendid ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
borg regna
‘of the stronghold of rains’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the stronghold of rains, → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
1.1.2. house of rain
geymir vagns
‘the keeper of the wagon’ = God
the keeper of the wagon → God
God
2.4. guardian of the heavenly body
konungr sólar
‘of the king of the sun’ = God
the king of the sun.’ → God
Jesus Christ
1.01.1. lord of heavenly bodies
mark píslar pátris déí
‘the sign of the passion of god the father’ = CROSS
the sign of the Passion of God the father; → CROSS
cross
. sign of Passion
sonr guðs
‘of the son of god’ = Christ
the son of God → Christ
Jesus Christ
2.1. son of God
bekkr iðranar
‘the brook of repentance’ = TEARS
the brook of repentance → TEARS
tears, weeping
2. water of repentance
móðir dróttins mána strandar
‘the mother of the lord of the moon’s beach’ = Mary
the moon’s beach → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
The mother of GOD → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
dróttinn mána strandar
‘of the lord of the moon’s beach’ = God
the moon’s beach → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
mána strǫnd
‘of the moon’s beach’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the moon’s beach → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
6.1.2. land of the moon
líkn og hjálp lýðs
‘the mercy and salvation of people’ = Mary
The mercy and salvation of people, → Mary
Mary
5. help of people
móðir grams
‘of the mother of the ruler’ = Mary
the mother of the ruler; → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
þengill sólar
‘of the lord of the sun’ = God
the lord of the sun → God
God
1.2. lord of heavenly bodies
skapari skýfoldar
‘the creator of the cloud-land’ = God
the cloud-land → SKY/HEAVEN
the creator of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Jesus Christ
4.1. creator of sky/heaven
skýfold
‘of the cloud-land’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the cloud-land → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
6.4. land of the cloud
meistari alls
‘the master of the universe’ = God
the master of the universe → God
Jesus Christ
ítr ræsir borgar þeyja
‘the splendid ruler of the stronghold of warm winds’ = God
the stronghold of warm winds, → SKY/HEAVEN
the splendid ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
borg þeyja
‘of the stronghold of warm winds’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the stronghold of warm winds, → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
1.1.1. house of storm/wind
allri sinni ágætri hirð dýrðar himna
‘all his famous retinue of the splendour of the heavens’ = ANGELS
all his famous retinue of the splendour of the heavens; → ANGELS
angel
1.1. retinue of heaven
eilífr, lofaður deilir skepnu
‘the eternal, praised ordainer of creation’ = God
the eternal, praised ordainer of creation → God
Jesus Christ
1.06. lord of creation
tínir skepnu
‘the mover of creation’ = God
the mover of creation, → God
Jesus Christ
hirðir bryggju mána
‘the guardian of the pier of the moon’ =
the pier of the moon → God
the guardian of GOD →
Jesus Christ
bryggja mána
‘of the pier of the moon’ = God
the pier of the moon → God
sky/heaven
7.2. path of the moon
mætust himnesk sæta
‘the most magnificent heavenly lady’ = Mary
the most magnificent heavenly lady. → Mary
questionable kennings
kveðja eingils
‘the greeting of the angel’ = Hail Mary
the greeting of the angel; → Hail Mary
Hail Mary
. greeting of the angel
gætir himna
‘to the guardian of the heavens’ = God
to the guardian of the heavens → God
Jesus Christ
3.1. guardian of heaven
rausnsaman ræsir regnsals
‘the magnificent ruler of the rain-hall’ = God
the rain-hall → SKY/HEAVEN
the magnificent ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
regnsalr
‘of the rain-hall’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the rain-hall → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
1.1.2. house of rain
móðir dróttins
‘to the mother of the lord’ = Mary
to the mother of the Lord → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ
lón hvarma
‘the pool of the eyelids’ = TEARS
the pool of the eyelids → TEARS
tears, weeping
1. water of the eyes
jǫfurr hreggskríns
‘prince of the storm-shrine’ = God
the storm-shrine, → SKY/HEAVEN
Prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Jesus Christ
1.01. lord of sky/heaven
hreggskrín
‘of the storm-shrine’ = SKY/HEAVEN
the storm-shrine, → SKY/HEAVEN
sky/heaven
2.1. shrine of the storm
sú laug hvarma
‘that cleansing-water of the eyelids’ = TEARS
that cleansing-water of the eyelids → TEARS
tears, weeping
1. water of the eyes
almætastan gætir himna
‘the most glorious guardian of the heavens’ = God
the most glorious guardian of the heavens → God
God
2.1. guardian of heaven
sæll stillir sólar
‘blessed ruler of the sun’ = God
Blessed ruler of the sun, → God
Jesus Christ
1.01.1. lord of heavenly bodies
vers Máríu
‘the verse of Mary’ = Hail Mary
the verse of Mary → Hail Mary
Hail Mary
. verse of Mary
móðir guðs
‘the mother of god’ = Mary
the mother of God → Mary
Mary
1. mother of Jesus Christ