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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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SigHálf Lv 1^VIII (Hrólf 1)/1 — er ‘have’

⬅︎ 2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

Öll er orðin         ætt Skjöldunga
lofðungs lundar         at limum einum.
Bræðr sá ek mína         á berum sitja
en Sævils rekka         á söðluðum.

Öll ætt Skjöldunga, lundar lofðungs, er orðin at limum einum. Bræðr mína sá ek sitja á berum en rekka Sævils á söðluðum.

All the family of the Skjǫldungar, the princely trees <men>, have become branches only. My brothers I saw riding bareback, but Sævill’s men on saddled [horses].

readings

[1] er: so 9ˣ, 11ˣ, 109a IIˣ, eru 285ˣ, papp17ˣ

notes

[1] er orðin ‘have become’: This verb is sg. and its subject is ætt ‘family’ (l. 2), but is here translated pl. to account for the pl. appositional phrase lundar lofðungs ‘the princely trees’ (see Notes to l. 3 below).

grammar

Irregular verbs: vera (to be)

		indic.		subj.
		pres.	past	pres.	past
sing. pl.	1 2 3 1 2 3	em ert er erum eruð eru	var vart var várum váruð váru	sé sér sé sém séð sé	væra værir væri værim værið væri
imperative past part.		ver, verið verit

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SigHálf Lv 1^VIII (Hrólf 1)/1 — er ‘have’

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SigHálf Lv 1VIII (Hrólf 1)/1 — er ‘have’

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grammar

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SigHálf Lv 1^VIII (Hrólf 1)/1 — er ‘have’