Tormiðlaðr vas tívum
talhreinn meðal beina;
hvat kvað * hapta snytrir
hjalmfaldinn því valda.
Margspakr of nam mæla
môr valkastar bôru
— vasat Hœnis vinr hônum
hollr — af fornum þolli.
Talhreinn vas tívum tormiðlaðr meðal beina; hjalmfaldinn snytrir hapta kvað * hvat valda því. Margspakr môr bôru valkastar of nam mæla af fornum þolli; vinr Hœnis vasat hollr hônum.
The dung-reindeer [OX] was difficult for the gods to pierce between the shanks; the helmet-capped instructor of the divine powers [= Óðinn] said something was causing this. The deeply wise seagull of the wave of the corpse-heap [BLOOD > RAVEN/EAGLE = Þjazi] began to speak from an ancient tree; the friend of Hœnir <god> [= Loki] was not well-disposed to him.
[3] kvað *: ‘q°þo’ R(25v), ‘q’þv’ R(36v), kveðu Tˣ(26r), Tˣ(38v), A, kváðu W, kvað þú U, C
[3] kvað * ‘said’: The verb must be 3rd pers. sg. to agree with the sg. subject hjalmfaldinn snytrir hapta ‘the helmet-capped instructor of the divine powers [= Óðinn]’ (ll. 3-4), but the mss all present various unsuitable forms; the forms in both locations of R are unclearly abbreviated; U and C have 2nd pers. sg. kvað þú ‘you (sg.) said’. which is unlikely in view of the generally 3rd pers. narrative style of Haustl (except for the direct speech in st. 11); other mss’ kveðu, Tˣ (26r), Tˣ (38v) and A, may also be interpreted as imper. sg. with suffixed pron., while W’s kváðu is an unmetrical 3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.
Weak verbs: Type 1
berja ‘fight’ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative | Subjunctive | Imp. | ||||
Present | Past | Present | Past | Pres. | ||
Active voice | ||||||
sing. pl. | 1 2 3 1 2 3 | ber berr berr berjum berjið berja | barða barðir barði bǫrðum bǫrðuð bǫrðu | berja berir beri berim berið beri | berða berðir berði berðim berðið berði | ber berjum berið |
infinitive pres. part. past part. | berja berjandi bar(i)t | |||||
Middle voice | ||||||
sing. pl. | 1 2 3 1 2 3 | berjumk bersk bersk berjumk berizk berjask | bǫrðumk barðisk barðisk bǫrðumk bǫðuzk bǫrðusk | berjumk berisk berisk berimk berizk berisk | berðumk berðisk berðisk berðimk berðizk berðisk | bersk berjumk berizk |
infinitive pres. part. past part. | berjask berjandisk bar(i)zk | |||||
heyra ‘hear’ | ||||||
Indicative | Subjunctive | Imp. | ||||
Present | Past | Present | Past | Pres. | ||
Active voice | ||||||
sing. pl. | 1 2 3 1 2 3 | heyri heyrir heyrir heyrum heryið heyra | heyrða heyrðir heyrði heyrðum heyrðuð heyrðu | heyra heyrir heyri heyrim heyrið heyri | heyrða heyrðir heyrði heyrðim heyrðið heyrði | heyr heyrum heyrið |
infinitive pres. part. past part. | heyra heyrandi heyr(i)t | |||||
Middle voice | ||||||
sing. pl. | 1 2 3 1 2 3 | heyrumk heyrisk heyrisk heyrumk heyrizk heyrask | heyrðumk heyrðisk heyrðisk heyrðumk heyrðuzk heyrðusk | heyrumk heyrisk heyrisk heyrimk heyrizk heyrisk | heyrðumk heyrðisk heyrðisk heyrðimk heyrðizk heyrðisk | heyrsk heyrumk heyrizk |
infinitive pres. part. past part. | heyrask heyrandisk heyrzk |