Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Halldórr skvaldri, Útfarardrápa 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 484-5.
Ok fádýrir fóru
Fjǫlnis hróts at móti
— vígôsum hlóð vísi —
víkingar gram ríkjum.
Náði herr at hrjóða
— hlaut drengja vinr fengi
fyrðum hollr, þars fellat
fátt lið — galeiðr átta.
Ok fádýrir víkingar fóru at {móti {Fjǫlnis hróts}} ríkjum gram; vísi hlóð vígôsum. Herr náði at hrjóða átta galeiðr; {vinr drengja}, hollr fyrðum, hlaut fengi, þars fátt lið fellat.
And the ignoble vikings went to {the meeting {of Fjǫlnir’s <= Óðinn’s> roof}} [SHIELD > BATTLE] with the mighty monarch; the prince set up the protective plankings. The army was able to clear eight galleys; {the friend of the warriors} [= Sigurðr], devoted to the people, seized loot where not a few troops fell.
Mss: Kˣ(608v), 39(36vb), F(60vb), E(37r-v), J2ˣ(317v), 42ˣ(17r) (Hkr); H(94v), Hr(64va) (H-Hr); Mork(25r) (Mork, ll. 5-8)
Readings: [2] hróts: so E, 42ˣ, H, Hr, ‘rótz’ Kˣ, F, ‘rotz’ 39, ‘hrozc’ J2ˣ; at: á Hr [4] gram: gramr 39, E, J2ˣ, 42ˣ; ríkjum: so E, J2ˣ, 42ˣ, ríkum Kˣ, 39, F, H, Hr [6] vinr fengi: vinfengi 39, vinr í fengi Hr [7] þars (‘þar er’): en 39, F, E, J2ˣ, 42ˣ, þar Hr; fellat: so all others, fella Kˣ
Editions: Skj AI, 486, Skj BI, 458, Skald I, 225, NN §§964, 2990C; ÍF 28, 241 (Msona ch. 4), F 1871, 282, E 1916, 131; Fms 7, 79 (Msona ch. 4); Mork 1867, 159, Mork 1928-32, 342, Andersson and Gade 2000, 316, 488 (Msona).
Context: While sailing past the Iberian Peninsula, Sigurðr encountered a fleet of galleys. He engaged in battle and captured eight ships.
Notes: [1, 4] fádýrir víkingar ‘the ignoble vikings’: This refers to Sigurðr’s enemies, most likely the Moors. In C11th-12th encomiastic poetry, the term víkingr could have both positive and negative connotations. Bkrepp Magndr 4 (c. 1100) and Þskakk Erldr 3 (c. 1164) use the term negatively to designate the opponents of Magnús berfœttr and Erlingr skakki respectively. In Steinn Óldr 3, however, ‘vikings’ denote the Norw. troops at the battle of Fulford (1066), in Valg Har 3 (before 1066) the term refers to the troops of Haraldr harðráði and in Ív Sig 42 (c. 1140), King Sigurðr slembidjákn is referred to as a ‘viking’. — [3] vígôsum ‘protective plankings’: Vígáss was a plank on board the ship that was used to support the víggyrðill, the protecting board-wall which was fastened on the inner side of the gunwale to increase its height during enemy attacks at sea (see Falk 1912, 13, 116). Skj B separates the two elements of the cpd and takes the first element with ríkjum ‘mighty’ (l. 4) (at móti vígríkjum gram ‘to the meeting with the battle-mighty monarch’), whereas the second element is construed as part of a kenning for ‘warriors’ (vísi hlóð sum Fjǫlnis hróts ‘the lord stacked the gods of Fjǫlnir’s roof’ (ll. 3-4)). That reading causes a very convoluted w. o. Kock (NN §§964, 2990C) construes the warrior-kenning vígsum Fjǫlnis hróts ‘the battle-gods of Fjǫlnir’s roof’ (i.e. ‘the battle-gods of the shield’) as an object of the verb hlaða ‘set up, stack, kill’ (so also ÍF 28), but that kenning is hyperdetermined since sum Fjǫlnis hróts ‘the gods of Fjǫlnir’s roof’ is a kenning for ‘warriors’. — [7-8] þars fátt lið fellat ‘where not a few troops fell’: Lit. ‘where few troops did not fall’. — [8] galeiðr ‘galleys’: Other than in a þula (Þul Skipa 4/5III) this word is attested only here in poetry. For Mediterranean galleys, see Pryor and Jeffreys 2006, 422-44.
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