StarkSt Frag 1III
Tarrin Wills (ed.) 2017, ‘Starkaðr gamli Stórvirksson, Fragment 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 382.
Þann ‘that’
kennings
þann hringhreytanda‘that ring-distributor ’
= GENEROUS MAN
that ring-distributor → GENEROUS MAN
hefi ‘have’
(not checked:)
hafa (verb): have
ek ‘I’
(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
manna ‘beings’
(not checked:)
maðr (noun m.): man, person
notes
[1-2] menskra manna ‘among human beings’: This phrase also occurs in Hfr ErfÓl 27/3I.
menskra ‘among human’
(not checked:)
mennska (noun f.; °-u): human
notes
[1-2] menskra manna ‘among human beings’: This phrase also occurs in Hfr ErfÓl 27/3I.
fundit ‘met’
(not checked:)
2. finna (verb): find, meet
hring ‘ring’
(not checked:)
1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword < hringhreytandi (noun m.)
kennings
þann hringhreytanda‘that ring-distributor ’
= GENEROUS MAN
that ring-distributor → GENEROUS MAN
hreytanda ‘distributor’
(not checked:)
hreytandi (noun m.): distributor < hringhreytandi (noun m.)
[3] ‑hreytanda: ‑heyjandi W
kennings
þann hringhreytanda‘that ring-distributor ’
= GENEROUS MAN
that ring-distributor → GENEROUS MAN
hrammastan ‘the mightiest’
(not checked:)
rammr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): mighty
notes
[4] hrammastan ‘mightiest’: This form of the adj. ram(m)r ‘strong’ with initial <h> is not elsewhere attested, but is required for the alliteration. The fact that this is the hǫfuðstafr of the alliterative sequence should mean that the other alliterative syllables are dependent on it. Although the sound change hr- > r- occurred in C9th in Denmark (Haugen 1976, 208), the verse cannot be dated on this basis, as the form hrammr cannot be linked etymologically to rammr (see AEW: rammr, ramr). Björn Magnússon Ólsen (TGT 1884, 176) suggests that, given the apparent Danish provenance of the helmingr, it should read ringreytanda rammastan at afli. Óláfr hvítaskáld spent a considerable time at the Danish court (see TGT 1884, xxxiv-xxxv) and may have heard the stanza there.
afli ‘strength’
(not checked:)
2. afl (noun n.; °-s; *-): strength
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Cited as an example of barbarismus involving the addition of aspiration (viðrlagning áblásningar) (TGT 1927, 46): Hér er hrammastan sett fyrir rammastan at kveðandi haldiz í bálkar-lagi ‘Here hrammastan is used instead of rammastan so that the alliteration is preserved in the bálkarlag metre’. Bálkarlag ‘section’s metre’ is a variation on fornyrðislag described in Ht (see SnE 2007, 38, as well as SnSt Ht 97-9) where the alliterating words are in the same arrangement as in dróttkvætt, that is, the odd lines have two alliterating syllables and the even lines begin with the hǫfuðstafr. The first line here, however, has only one alliterating stave, so in that respect, the metre corresponds to SnSt Ht 99 (see Note to [All] there).
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