Mágj Lv 1VIII (Mág 1)
Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2017, ‘Máguss saga jarls 1 (Mágus jarl, verses 1)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 599.
Ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
víst ‘certainly’
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1. víss (adj.): wise, certain(ly)
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
brjósti ‘breast’
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brjóst (noun n.; °-s; -): breast, chest
meiri ‘much’
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meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most
[3] meiri miklu: so 590aˣ, miklu meiri with meiri corrected by scribe from location between vísendi and víst to after miklu 152, miklu meiri 58ˣ, papp25ˣ
miklu ‘more’
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mikill (adj.; °mikinn): great, large
[3] meiri miklu: so 590aˣ, miklu meiri with meiri corrected by scribe from location between vísendi and víst to after miklu 152, miklu meiri 58ˣ, papp25ˣ
en ‘than’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
menn ‘people’
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
Sé ‘see’
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2. sjá (verb): see
ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
hvar ‘where’
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hvar (adv.): where
húkir ‘cowers’
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húka (verb)
notes
[5] húkir ‘cowers’: The verb húka lit. ‘squat’ has connotations of cowardliness and lack of manly, upright behaviour, similar to heykjask ‘bend, cower down’.
hirð ‘the retinue’
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hirð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar(FskB 53)): retinue
á ‘on’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
bekkjum ‘the benches’
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1. bekkr (noun m.; °-jar/-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): bench
hjarta ‘of heart’
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hjarta (noun n.; °-; *-u): heart < hjartadeigr (adj.)
notes
[7] hjartadeigir ‘men soft of heart’: Considered, with Skj B and Skald, as a cpd adj. used substantivally, the second element of which is deigr lit. ‘kneadable, doughy’, and by extension ‘soft, damp, cowardly’. The cpd implies cowardice on the part of the hirð ‘retinue’, mentioned in l. 6. The m. nom. pl. adj. ‑deigir in 152 does not agree with hirð, and must be assumed to be in apposition to it, meaning ‘men soft of heart’, whereas the other mss read deig, agreeing with hirð f. nom. sg. That reading is unmetrical, however.
deigir ‘men soft’
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deigr (adj.): soft < hjartadeigr (adj.)
[7] ‑deigir: deig 590aˣ, 58ˣ, papp25ˣ
notes
[7] hjartadeigir ‘men soft of heart’: Considered, with Skj B and Skald, as a cpd adj. used substantivally, the second element of which is deigr lit. ‘kneadable, doughy’, and by extension ‘soft, damp, cowardly’. The cpd implies cowardice on the part of the hirð ‘retinue’, mentioned in l. 6. The m. nom. pl. adj. ‑deigir in 152 does not agree with hirð, and must be assumed to be in apposition to it, meaning ‘men soft of heart’, whereas the other mss read deig, agreeing with hirð f. nom. sg. That reading is unmetrical, however.
ef ‘if’
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3. ef (conj.): if
herja ‘fighting’
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2. herja (verb): harry, ravage
skal ‘there should be’
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skulu (verb): shall, should, must
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
This and the following two fornyrðislag stanzas are all spoken by Mágus jarl disguised as an old man, Skeljakarl ‘Shell-man’, so named because his clothing is covered with shells. The prose text of the younger recension introduces the stanzas with a detailed description of the man’s appearance and behaviour. He comes before the king and his retinue saying that he is capable of spásǫgur ‘prophecies’. He is on crutches and carries two staves, one of which he places on the floor in front of him. He strokes his hair and combs his beard, so that it spreads over his chest, and shakes his head several times, making a clattering sound, at which the retinue laughs. He then takes a second stave and passes it in front of his eyes, leaps like a cat from an outer to an inner bench and waves the second stave over the men’s heads, speaking a stanza in a low voice.
The longer recension of Mág gives a lot more detailed description of Mágus’ behaviour and equipment than the shorter recension does (cf. Mág 1884, 21-2). All three stanzas qualify as níðvísur ‘insult-stanzas’, intended to defame the retinue of the ruler, Karl, and to draw his attention in particular to the deviousness and malevolence of the men upon whose advice he relies. — [5-6]: See Note to Mág 2/1-2.
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