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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Anon Leið 39VII/1 — skulum ‘must’

Vér skulum opt með tôrum
— verðr mein, ef því seinum —
— kostum flærð at forðask —
friðar helgan goð biðja,
at, þás ǫflugr eflir
alls sóma lýkr dómi,
fara næðim vér fríða
fljótt í dýrð með dróttni.

Vér skulum opt biðja helgan goð friðar með tôrum — mein verðr, ef seinum því; kostum at forðask flærð —, at, þás ǫflugr eflir alls sóma lýkr dómi, næðim vér fara fljótt í fríða dýrð með dróttni.

We must often pray holy God for peace with tears — harm will result, if we delay that; we must try to shun deceit —, so that when the powerful strengthener of all honour [= God] finishes judgement, we may succeed in going swiftly into splendid glory with the Lord.

grammar

Verbs: Preterite-present verbs

The present tense of these verbs is like the past tense of strong verbs, and their past tense is weak.

eigamegakunnaskulumunumuna
indic.
pres.
sing.


pl.
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
á
átt
á
eigum
eiguð
eigu

mátt

megum
meguð
megu
kann
kannt
kann
kunnum
kunnuð
kunnu
skal
skalt
skal
skulum
skuluð
skulu
mun
munt
mun
munum
munuð
munu
man
mant
man
munum
munið
muna
indic. past stem
subj. pres. stem
subj. past stem
átt-
eig-
ætt-
mátt-
meg-
mætt-
kunn-
kunn-
kynn-
skyld-
skyl-
skyld-
mund-
myn-
mynd-
mund-
mun-
mynd-
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