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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Anon Leið 29VII/1 —  ‘is able’

Ótraulla ǫllu
aldýrr faðir stýra;
sterkr es engr, svát orki
aptrat dróttins krapti.
Gramr skóp hauðr ok himna
hreggranns sem kyn seggja;
einns salkonungr sólar
snjallr hjalpari allra.

Aldýrr faðir stýra ǫllu ótraulla; engr es sterkr, svát orki aptrat krapti dróttins. Gramr hreggranns skóp hauðr ok himna sem kyn seggja; snjallr sólar salkonungr [e]s einn hjalpari allra.

The altogether precious father is able to govern everything indefatigably; no one is so strong that he is able to impede the Lord’s power. The king of the storm-house [SKY/HEAVEN > = God] made land and heavens as well as the race of men; the excellent king of the hall of the sun [(lit. ‘hall-king of the sun’) SKY/HEAVEN > = God] is alone the helper of all.

grammar

Verbs: Preterite-present verbs

The present tense of these verbs is like the past tense of strong verbs, and their past tense is weak.

eigamegakunnaskulumunumuna
indic.
pres.
sing.


pl.
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
á
átt
á
eigum
eiguð
eigu

mátt

megum
meguð
megu
kann
kannt
kann
kunnum
kunnuð
kunnu
skal
skalt
skal
skulum
skuluð
skulu
mun
munt
mun
munum
munuð
munu
man
mant
man
munum
munið
muna
indic. past stem
subj. pres. stem
subj. past stem
átt-
eig-
ætt-
mátt-
meg-
mætt-
kunn-
kunn-
kynn-
skyld-
skyl-
skyld-
mund-
myn-
mynd-
mund-
mun-
mynd-
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