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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Gestumbl Heiðr 6VIII (Heiðr 53)/1 — inn ‘the’

Hverr er sá inn mikli,         er mörgu ræðr,
        ok horfir til heljar hálfr?
*Öldum bergr         en við jörð sakaz,
        ef hann hefir sér vel traustan vin.
Heiðrekr konungr,         hyggðu at gátu.

Hverr er sá inn mikli, er ræðr mörgu, ok horfir hálfr til heljar? Bergr *öldum en sakaz við jörð, ef hann hefir sér vel traustan vin. Heiðrekr konungr, hyggðu at gátu.

Who is that, the great one, who governs much, and half [of him] turns to Hel? He protects men but contends with the earth, if he has for himself a well-trusted friend. King Heiðrekr, think about the riddle.

grammar

Pronouns and determiners: Definite article

The definite article is normally suffixed to nouns, except in some cases where it is used with an adjective. If the noun form ends in a vowel, the 'i' in the article is dropped. If the noun form ends in 'um', the 'm' and 'i' are both dropped. E.g. hesta (acc. pl.) > hestana (acc. pl. definite); hestum (dat. pl.) > hestunum (dat. pl. definite)

masc.fem.neut.
sing. N
A
G
D
inn
inn
ins
inum
in
ina
innar
inni
it
it
ins
inu
pl. N
A
G
D
inir
ina
inna
inum
inar
inar
inna
inum
in
in
inna
inum
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