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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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HSt Rst 8I/4 — gengu ‘placed’

Haukjóðs harða víða
(hôtt) norrœnar dróttir*
(Þundregns þeim of vandak)
þengils á bý gengu.
Óráð illri þjóðu
Óláfr of galt dála;
vígrunnr velja kunni
víkingum hlut slíkan.

Norrœnar dróttir* gengu harða víða á bý haukjóðs þengils; of vandak þeim hôtt Þundregns. Óláfr of galt dála illri þjóðu óráð; vígrunnr kunni velja víkingum slíkan hlut.

Norwegian troops placed themselves very widely in the homestead of the hawk-offspring [HAWK > HAND] of the ruler; I fashion for him the metre of Þundr’s <= Óðinn’s> rain [POETRY]. Óláfr thoroughly paid evil people for their misdeeds; the battle-tree [WARRIOR] was able to deal vikings such a fate.

notes

[1, 4] gengu … á bý haukjóðs þengils ‘placed themselves ... in the homestead of the hawk-offspring [HAWK > HAND] of the ruler’: The expression plays on the phrase ganga á hǫnd e-s/e-m ‘to submit to sby’. Hǫnd ‘hand’ is here expressed by a kenning; cf. a similar device in Anon Óldr 10/1-4, also referring to submission to Óláfr Tryggvason.

grammar

Verbs: Strong Verbs

The stem of the subjunctive pl. is i-mutation of the indicative pl..

lúka ‘shut, end’



Indicative Subjunctive


Present Past Present Past

Active voice
sing. 1
2
3
lýk
lýkr
lýkr
lauk
laukt
lauk
lúka
lúkir
lúki
lyka
lykir
lyki
pl. 1
2
3
lúkum
lúkið
lúka
lukum
lukuð
luku
lúkim
lúkið
lúki
lykim
lykið
lyki
infinitive
pres. part.
past part.
lúka
lúkandi
lúkinn, lúkin, lúkit

Middle voice
sing. 1
2
3
lýkumk
lýksk
lýksk
laukumk
laukzk
lauksk
lúkumk
lúkisk
lúkisk
lykumk
lykisk
lykisk
pl. 1
2
3
lúkumk
lúkizk
lúkask
lukumk
lukuzk
lukusk
lúkimk
lúkizk
lúkisk
lykimk
lykizk
lykisk
infinitive
pres. part.
past part.
lúkask
lúkandisk
lúkizk
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