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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Þul Himins I 1III/3 — inn ‘the’

Níu eru himnar         á hæð talðir;
veit ek inn nezta,         sá es Vindbláinn,
sá es Heiðornir         ok Hreggmímir;
annarr heitir         Andlangr himinn
— þat máttu skilja —         þriði Víðbláinn;
Víðfeðmi kveðk         vesa inn fjórða,
Hrjóðr — ok Hlýrni         hygg inn sétta —
Gimir, Vetmímir;         get ek nú vesa
átta himna         upp um talða;
Skatyrnir stendr         skýjum efri;
hann es útan         alla heima.

Níu himnar eru talðir á hæð; ek veit inn nezta, sá es Vindbláinn, sá es Heiðornir ok Hreggmímir; annarr heitir Andlangr himinn – máttu skilja þat – þriði Víðbláinn; kveðk Víðfeðmi vesa inn fjórða, Hrjóðr – ok hygg Hlýrni inn sétta – Gimir, Vetmímir; get ek nú vesa átta himna upp um talða; stendr Skatyrnir efri skýjum; hann es útan alla heima.

Nine heavens are counted on high; I know the lowest, it is Vindbláinn, it is Heiðornir and Hreggmímir; the second is called Andlangr himinn – you can understand that – the third [is] Víðbláinn; Víðfeðmir I say is the fourth; Hrjóðr – and Hlýrnir I believe is the sixth – Gimir, Vetmímir; I say that now eight heavens have been counted; Skatyrnir stands above the clouds; it is beyond all the worlds.

readings

[3] inn: ‘[…]n’ C

grammar

Pronouns and determiners: Definite article

The definite article is normally suffixed to nouns, except in some cases where it is used with an adjective. If the noun form ends in a vowel, the 'i' in the article is dropped. If the noun form ends in 'um', the 'm' and 'i' are both dropped. E.g. hesta (acc. pl.) > hestana (acc. pl. definite); hestum (dat. pl.) > hestunum (dat. pl. definite)

masc.fem.neut.
sing. N
A
G
D
inn
inn
ins
inum
in
ina
innar
inni
it
it
ins
inu
pl. N
A
G
D
inir
ina
inna
inum
inar
inar
inna
inum
in
in
inna
inum
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