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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Anon Stríðk 1III/7 — ins ‘of the’

Þess sitk, þægra hnossa
Þrúðr, ávalt, in prúða,
hverjum leik á hráka
hnugginn Gleipnis tuggu,
at urðhœings jarðar
ýtendr fyr mér nýtir
greipar svells ins gjalla
Gefn stríðkera nefni.

In prúða Þrúðr þægra hnossa, sitk ávalt, hnugginn hverjum leik, á hráka Gleipnis tuggu þess, at nýtir ýtendr jarðar urðhœings nefni Gefn ins gjalla svells greipar stríðkera fyr mér.

Beautiful Þrúðr <goddess> of delightful ornaments [WOMAN], I live always, deprived of every pleasure, in the spittle of Gleipnir’s <magic fetter’s> mouthful [= Fenrir > = Ván (ván ‘hope’)] of this, that capable givers of the earth of the stone-heap salmon [SERPENT > GOLD > GENEROUS MEN] may name the Gefn <= Freyja> of the ringing ice of the hand [SILVER > WOMAN] a grief-prick [WIDOW] in my presence.

kennings

grammar

Pronouns and determiners: Definite article

The definite article is normally suffixed to nouns, except in some cases where it is used with an adjective. If the noun form ends in a vowel, the 'i' in the article is dropped. If the noun form ends in 'um', the 'm' and 'i' are both dropped. E.g. hesta (acc. pl.) > hestana (acc. pl. definite); hestum (dat. pl.) > hestunum (dat. pl. definite)

masc.fem.neut.
sing. N
A
G
D
inn
inn
ins
inum
in
ina
innar
inni
it
it
ins
inu
pl. N
A
G
D
inir
ina
inna
inum
inar
inar
inna
inum
in
in
inna
inum
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