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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Þul Manna 2III/4 — fyrðar ‘vital ones’

Bragnar, þegnar,         beimar, hǫlðar,
firar ok flotnar,         fyrðar, hǫlðar,
fǫruneyti, drótt,         flokkr, harðmenni,
kníar ok kappar,         kenpur, nautar.

Bragnar, þegnar, beimar, hǫlðar, firar ok flotnar, fyrðar, hǫlðar, fǫruneyti, drótt, flokkr, harðmenni, kníar ok kappar, kenpur, nautar.

Noble ones, freemen, warriors, freeholders, vital ones and seamen, vital ones, freeholders, company, retinue, flock, tough ones, kníar and champions, fighters, mates.

readings

[4] fyrðar hǫlðar: fyrðar , flotnar fyrðar C, ‘[…]o᷎ldar’ B, ‘fýrdar ho᷎ldar744ˣ

notes

[3, 4] firar ok flotnar, fyrðar ‘vital ones and seamen, vital ones’: These are poetic terms for ‘men’ or ‘warriors’ used only in the pl. form. Firar is derived from fjǫr n. ‘life’, hence ‘vital ones’, and fyrðar (also firðar) from firar (AEW: firar; fyrðar). In Skm (SnE 1998, I, 105), fyrðar and firar are ‘defenders of the land’ (landvarnarmenn) and flotnar ‘seamen’ (from floti m. ‘fleet, ship’) belong to a naval force (skipaherr).

grammar

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