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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Þul Óðins 8III/4 — Jǫl ‘Jǫl’

Sigtryggr, Jǫrmunr,         Saðr, Gunnblindi,
Jafnhár, Óski,         Jǫlfǫðr ok Þrór,
Ýrungr, Skilfingr,         Óðinn, Tveggi,
Veratýr, Sigþrór,         Valgautr ok Yggr.

Sigtryggr, Jǫrmunr, Saðr, Gunnblindi, Jafnhár, Óski, Jǫlfǫðr ok Þrór, Ýrungr, Skilfingr, Óðinn, Tveggi, Veratýr, Sigþrór, Valgautr ok Yggr.

Sigtryggr, Jǫrmunr, Saðr, Gunnblindi, Jafnhár, Óski, Jǫlfǫðr and Þrór, Ýrungr, Skilfingr, Óðinn, Tveggi, Veratýr, Sigþrór, Valgautr and Yggr.

readings

[4] Jǫl‑: jól‑ B

notes

[4] Jǫlfǫðr: So A. Ms. B has Jólfǫðr, which may have been influenced by Jólnir in st. 7/5 (see Note there). This name is not mentioned in the list in Grí, but it occurs in skaldic verse, although in forms which differ from those of the þulur, namely, Jálfaðr (cf. Jalfaðar in Gsind Hákdr 1/6I) or Jǫlfuðr (Þorm Lv 23/6I, Grett Lv 13/2V (Gr 26)). The latter form is adopted in Skj B and Skald for the present stanza as well. The origin and meaning of this name are uncertain, perhaps from jálfr m. and jálmr m. ‘noise, bustle’ (cf. ÍO: Jálfaður 2). See also other Óðinn-names in the present list with the second element ‑fǫðr, whose influence may have caused the change Jǫlfuðr > Jǫlfǫðr. According to Falk (1924, 21, 41), Jǫlfuðr, Jálfaðr as an Óðinn-name is identical with the bear-heiti jálfuðr (see Þul Bjarnar l. 11 and Note there), and he believes that the name was most likely transferred from the animal to the god. There is no direct evidence that Óðinn ever took the shape of a bear, however (see Note to Hrami, st. 4/5 above).

grammar

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