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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Þul Konunga 1III/8 — jǫfurr ‘prince’

Mank haukstalda         heiti segja:
allvaldr, fylkir         ok afraki,
bragningr, ǫðlingr,         buðlungr, dǫglingr,
ǫðlingr ok gramr,         jǫfurr ok tyggi.

Mank segja heiti haukstalda: allvaldr, fylkir ok afraki, bragningr, ǫðlingr, buðlungr, dǫglingr, ǫðlingr ok gramr, jǫfurr ok tyggi.

I shall say the names of noblemen: all-powerful one, leader and prince, ruler, nobleman, descendant of Buðli, descendant of Dagr, nobleman and fierce one, prince and chieftain.

notes

[8] jǫfurr (m.) ‘prince’: A poetic term for ‘ruler’ from Gmc *eburaz ‘wild boar’ (see AEW: jǫfurr). In Skm (SnE 1998, I, 103), this is a son of Hálfdan gamli (see Introduction above). In North Germanic, the later forms of Gmc *eburaz occur only in personal names and poetic designations for ‘ruler’, whereas in West Germanic the word denotes the animal itself (‘wild boar’) as well. OE Eofor is also attested as a pers. n. (see Beowulf 2008, 466).

grammar

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