Leyg rýðr ætt á ægi
Óláfs skipa sólar
(ylgr brunar hvatt) ins helga
(hrægjǫrn í spor ǫrnum).
Ætt ins helga Óláfs rýðr leyg sólar skipa á ægi; hrægjǫrn ylgr brunar hvatt í spor ǫrnum.
The kinsman of the holy Óláfr [NORWEGIAN KING] reddens the flame of the ships’ sun [SHIELD > SWORD] at sea; the corpse-eager she-wolf rushes fast in the track of eagles.
[1, 2, 3] ætt ins helga Óláfs ‘the kinsman of the holy Óláfr [NORWEGIAN KING]’: ‘The holy Óláfr’ is S. Óláfr Haraldsson (d. 29 August 1030). The identity of this particular kinsman is not clear. Einarr did compose a poem about S. Óláfr (ESk GeislVII), but none of the other kings of Norway whom Einarr honoured with panegyrics was a direct descendant of Óláfr, because Óláfr’s only son, Magnús inn góði ‘the Good’ (d. 1047), only left behind a daughter, Ragnhildr. Subsequent kings of Norway were descendants of Haraldr harðráði ‘Hard-rule’ Sigurðarson (r. 1046-66), Óláfr’s half-brother.
Pronouns and determiners: Definite article
The definite article is normally suffixed to nouns, except in some cases where it is used with an adjective. If the noun form ends in a vowel, the 'i' in the article is dropped. If the noun form ends in 'um', the 'm' and 'i' are both dropped. E.g. hesta (acc. pl.) > hestana (acc. pl. definite); hestum (dat. pl.) > hestunum (dat. pl. definite)
masc. | fem. | neut. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
sing. | N A G D | inn inn ins inum | in ina innar inni | it it ins inu |
pl. | N A G D | inir ina inna inum | inar inar inna inum | in in inna inum |