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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Hfr Óldr 2^I/1 — vas ‘was’

⬅︎ 2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

Hættr vas hersa dróttinn
hjǫrdjarfr Gota fjǫrvi;
gollskerði frák gerðu
geirþey á Skáneyju.
Bǫðserkjar hjó birki
barklaust í Danmǫrku
hleypimeiðr fyr Heiða-
hlunnviggja -bý sunnan.

Hjǫrdjarfr dróttinn hersa vas hættr fjǫrvi Gota; frák gollskerði gerðu geirþey á Skáneyju. Hleypimeiðr hlunnviggja hjó barklaust birki bǫðserkjar í Danmǫrku fyr sunnan Heiðabý.

The sword-bold lord of hersar [RULER] was dangerous to the life of the Gotar; I have learned that the gold-diminisher [GENEROUS MAN] made spear-breeze [BATTLE] in Skåne. The impelling tree of the roller-steeds [SHIPS > SEAFARER] cut down the barkless birches of the battle-shirt [MAIL-SHIRT > WARRIORS] in Denmark south of Hedeby.

readings

[1] vas: om. Flat

grammar

Irregular verbs: vera (to be)

		indic.		subj.
		pres.	past	pres.	past
sing. pl.	1 2 3 1 2 3	em ert er erum eruð eru	var vart var várum váruð váru	sé sér sé sém séð sé	væra værir væri værim værið væri
imperative past part.		ver, verið verit

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Hfr Óldr 2I/1 — vas ‘was’

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Hfr Óldr 2^I/1 — vas ‘was’