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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Þorm Lv 23I/1 — vas ‘was’

Ǫrt vas Ôleifs hjarta;
óð framm konungr — blóði
rekin bitu stôl — á Stiklar
stǫðum, kvaddi lið bǫðvar.
Élþolla sák alla
Jǫlfuðs nema gram sjalfan
— reyndr vas flestr í fastri
fleindrífu — sér hlífa.

Hjarta Ôleifs vas ǫrt; konungr óð framm á Stiklarstǫðum, kvaddi lið bǫðvar; stôl rekin blóði bitu. Sák alla Jǫlfuðs élþolla hlífa sér nema gram sjalfan; flestr vas reyndr í fastri fleindrífu.

Óláfr’s heart was energetic; the king pressed forward at Stiklestad, rallied his host to battle; steel weapons inlaid with blood bit. I saw all the firs of the storm of Jǫlfuðr <= Óðinn> [(lit. ‘storm-firs of Jǫlfuðr’) BATTLE > WARRIORS] shelter themselves except the leader himself; most were tested in the ceaseless missile-blizzard [BATTLE].

readings

[1] vas Ôleifs: hefir Áleifr 142ˣ, 566aˣ, 761bˣmarg

grammar

Irregular verbs: vera (to be)

indic.subj.
pres.pastpres.past
sing.


pl.
1
2
3
1
2
3
em
ert
er
erum
eruð
eru
var
vart
var
várum
váruð
váru

sér

sém
séð
væra
værir
væri
værim
værið
væri
imperative
past part.
ver, verið
verit
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