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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Þorm Lv 22I/3 — gekk ‘went’

Haraldr vas bitr at berjask
bǫðreifr með Ôleifi;
þar gekk harðra hjǫrva
Hringr ok Dagr at þingi.
Réðu þeir und rauðar
randir prútt at standa
— fekk benþiðurr blakkan
bjór — dǫglingar fjórir.

Bǫðreifr Haraldr vas bitr at berjask með Ôleifi; þar gekk Hringr ok Dagr at þingi harðra hjǫrva. Þeir fjórir dǫglingar réðu at standa prútt und rauðar randir; benþiðurr fekk blakkan bjór.

Battle-happy Haraldr was sharp at fighting beside Óláfr; there Hringr and Dagr went to the assembly of hard swords [BATTLE]. Those four princes stood magnificently under red shields; the wound-grouse [RAVEN/EAGLE] got dark beer [blood].

notes

[3] gekk ‘went’: A sg. verb with cpd subject (here Hringr ok Dagr, l. 4) is not unusual in skaldic poetry; cf. Hfr ErfÓl 27/1 and Note.

grammar

Verbs: Strong Verbs

The stem of the subjunctive pl. is i-mutation of the indicative pl..

lúka ‘shut, end’



Indicative Subjunctive


Present Past Present Past

Active voice
sing. 1
2
3
lýk
lýkr
lýkr
lauk
laukt
lauk
lúka
lúkir
lúki
lyka
lykir
lyki
pl. 1
2
3
lúkum
lúkið
lúka
lukum
lukuð
luku
lúkim
lúkið
lúki
lykim
lykið
lyki
infinitive
pres. part.
past part.
lúka
lúkandi
lúkinn, lúkin, lúkit

Middle voice
sing. 1
2
3
lýkumk
lýksk
lýksk
laukumk
laukzk
lauksk
lúkumk
lúkisk
lúkisk
lykumk
lykisk
lykisk
pl. 1
2
3
lúkumk
lúkizk
lúkask
lukumk
lukuzk
lukusk
lúkimk
lúkizk
lúkisk
lykimk
lykizk
lykisk
infinitive
pres. part.
past part.
lúkask
lúkandisk
lúkizk
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