Anon (FoGT) 9^III

Mari sendu vers vinda
veitendr Góins leita.

{Veitendr {leita Góins}} sendu {mari vers} vinda.

{The givers {of the mounds of Góinn <serpent>}} [GOLD > GENEROUS MEN] sent winds {to the horse of the sea} [SHIP].

Mss: W(112) (FoGT)

Editions: Skj AII, 215, Skj BII, 232, Skald II, 120; SnE 1848-87, II, 198-9, III, 155, FoGT 1884, 124, 252, FoGT 2004, 34, 62, 96-7, FoGT 2014, 8-9, 64.

Context: This couplet follows straight after st. 8, introduced with the words ok í oðrvm stað er sama figvra ‘and in another place there is the same figure’. After the couplet the following explanation ensues: Her er sagt at vindarner væri sender skipínv, þar sem at rettv var skipit sent vindvnvm, þat er at skilia út sett iþeirra valld ęðr stíorn ‘Here it is said that the winds were sent to the ship, whereas rightly the ship was sent to the winds, that is to be understood as placed in their power or control’.

Notes: [All]: This couplet and that following were clearly produced by the author of FoGT (or by someone else at his request) to provide Icelandic examples of hypallage, a figure that is rare or absent in skaldic poetry. Évrard of Béthune’s Graecismus (Wrobel 1887, 5, l. 39) offers the example trade rati ventos ‘give winds to the boat’, and a similarly nautical example appears in Isidore of Seville’s Etymologiae (Isidore, Etym. 1.36.22), dare classibus Austros ‘to give south winds to the fleets’ (Virgil Aeneid III, 61). — [2] Góins ‘of Góinn <serpent>’: For Góinn, see Note to Þul Orma 2/2 (see also Note to st. 8/2 above).

References

1. Bibliography
2. SnE 1848-87 = Snorri Sturluson. 1848-87. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar: Edda Snorronis Sturlaei. Ed. Jón Sigurðsson et al. 3 vols. Copenhagen: Legatum Arnamagnaeanum. Rpt. Osnabrück: Zeller, 1966.
3. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
4. FoGT 1884 = Björn Magnússon Ólsen, ed. 1884. Den tredje og fjærde grammatiske afhandling i Snorres Edda tilligemed de grammatiske afhandlingers prolog og to andre tillæg. SUGNL 12. Copenhagen: Knudtzon.
5. FoGT 2004 = Longo, Michele, ed. [2004]. ‘Il Quarto Trattato Grammaticale Islandese: Testo, Traduzione e Commento’. Dottorato di Ricerca in ‘Linguistica Sincronica e Diacronica’ (XV Ciclo). Palermo: Università degli Studi di Palermo, Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia.
6. Wrobel, I., ed. 1887. Eberhardi Bethuniensis Graecismus. Corpus grammaticorum medii aeui I. Bratislava: G. Koebner.
7. FoGT 2014 = Clunies Ross, Margaret and Jonas Wellendorf, eds. 2014. The Fourth Grammatical Treatise. University College London: Viking Society for Northern Research.
8. Internal references
9. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, The Fourth Grammatical Treatise’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=34> (accessed 20 April 2024)
10. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Orma heiti 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 929.