Cookies on our website

We use cookies on this website, mainly to provide a secure browsing experience but also to collect statistics on how the website is used. You can find out more about the cookies we set, the information we store and how we use it on the cookies page.

Continue

skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

Menu Search

TorfE Lv 4I

Russell Poole (ed.) 2012, ‘Torf-Einarr Rǫgnvaldsson, Lausavísur 4’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 136.

Torf-Einarr RǫgnvaldssonLausavísur
345

Rekit hefk Rǫgnvalds dauða
— rétt skiptu því nornir —
— nús folkstuðill fallinn —
at fjórðungi mínum.
Verpið, snarpir sveinar,
þvít sigri vér rôðum,
(skatt velk hônum harðan)
at Háfœtu grjóti.

Hefk rekit dauða Rǫgnvalds at fjórðungi mínum; nornir skiptu því rétt; nús {folkstuðill} fallinn. Verpið grjóti at Háfœtu, snarpir sveinar, þvít vér rôðum sigri; velk hônum harðan skatt.

I have avenged Rǫgnvaldr’s death for my quarter-share; the norns arranged that rightly; now {the people’s support} [RULER] is fallen. Throw stones at Háfœta (‘Long-legs’), brave lads, because we hold the victory; I choose hard tribute for him.

Mss: (70v), F(12rb), J1ˣ(40v), J2ˣ(40r) (Hkr); 332ˣ(13), Flat(29va), R702ˣ(37r) (Orkn); FskAˣ(314), 301ˣ(116r) (Fsk); 761bˣ(395r-v)

Readings: [1] hefk (‘hefi ec’): tel ek 332ˣ, Flat, hefi at 761bˣ;    hef‑ (‘hefi’): hefi with tel in margin FskAˣ    [2] rétt skiptu því nornir: so F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 332ˣ, Flat, 761bˣ, en réðu því nornir Kˣ, R702ˣ, ‘enn roðo þvi nꝍrer’ with rétt skiptu því nornir in margin FskAˣ, ‘enn roðo þvi no᷎rer’ 301ˣ    [3] folk‑: ‘fol’ 761bˣ    [4] at: af F;    fjórðungi: ‘fiortungi’ J1ˣ    [5] Verpið snarpir sveinar: hlýði snotrir seggir with verpið snarpir sveinar in margin FskAˣ;    Verpið: ‘hlætet’ J1ˣ, ‘hlæþet’ J2ˣ, 761bˣ, hlýði Flat, 301ˣ;    snarpir: snotrir J1ˣ, J2ˣ, Flat, 301ˣ, 761bˣ;    sveinar: seggir Flat, 301ˣ    [6] þvít: þann J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 761bˣ;    sigri vér rôðum: so, with sigr hǫfum fengit in margin FskAˣ;    sigri: sigr J1ˣ, J2ˣ, R702ˣ, 761bˣ;    vér rôðum: hǫfum fengit J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 332ˣ, R702ˣ, 761bˣ    [8] at: af J1ˣ, J2ˣ, Flat, 761bˣ;    Háfœtu: háfœttu F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, Flat

Editions: Skj AI, 32, Skj BI, 28, Skald I, 17; ÍF 26, 132 (HHárf ch. 30), F 1871, 55; Orkn 1913-16, 13, ÍF 34, 15 (ch. 8), Flat 1860-8, I, 224; Fsk 1902-3, 298 (ch. 64), ÍF 29, 292 (ch. 74); von See 1960, 35.

Context: In Orkn, Torf-Einarr speaks this after ordering a burial mound to be constructed for Hálfdan. In Hkr, it appears after he has cut the ‘blood-eagle’ on Hálfdan’s back (see Note to Lv 3/1, 4). The context in Fsk is as for Lv 1 and 3.

Notes: [1, 4] hefk rekit ... at fjórðungi mínum ‘I have avenged ... for my quarter-share’: The speaker has done his share by killing Hálfdan; the three others have not (yet) done theirs. Three other brothers are named in Lv 1, though the prose evidence on the number and identity of the brothers is less certain (see Note to Lv 1 [All]). For the emphasis on family and kinship in these lausavísur, see Mundal (1993, 257). — [1] hefk ‘I have’: The minority reading telk (Rǫgnvalds dauða rekit) ‘I declare (Rǫgnvaldr’s death avenged)’ is also possible, though m. acc. sg. rekinn rather than n. nom. sg. rekit might have been expected. — [2] nornir skiptu því rétt ‘the norns arranged that rightly’: Torf-Einarr’s comment may mean that the norns were right both to appoint him to succeed in vengeance and to decree that Hálfdan should die (cf. Mundal 1993, 255). The reading skiptu rétt ‘arranged rightly’ has stronger support across the stemma, while en réðu ‘but/and ruled’ may have been influenced by rôðum, the majority reading in l. 6. — [2] nornir ‘the norns’: The conception of the norns as presiding over a person’s death as well as their birth resembles that of Hamð 29 and 30; see also Note to Þjóð Yt 17/2-3. — [3] folkstuðill ‘the people’s support [RULER]’: If not merely conventional, this heiti may refer ironically to Hálfdan’s act of presumption in declaring himself king of the Orkneys and the distress his advent is reported to have caused to the islanders (Orkn, ÍF 34, 12). — [5] verpið, snarpir sveinar ‘throw, brave lads’: The line provides an instance of skothending in an odd line, also seen in Lv 5/7, and of placement of the second of the two rhyming syllables previous to the fifth position in the line (see Introduction), also seen in l. 2 of this stanza. Hlaðið, snotrir seggir ‘pile up, wise warriors’ is apparently the reading that underlies the variants in J1ˣ, J2ˣ, FskAˣ, 301ˣ, Flat and 761bˣ; its effect is to tone down the gloating attitude of the speaker. — [5, 8] verpið grjóti ‘throw stones’: The exact application of these words is uncertain and perhaps deliberately ambiguous. (a) Stones, rocks and gravel were frequently used for mound burials, cf. kasta haug ‘erect a burial mound’ referring to Hálfdan’s mound in the prose of Orkn (ÍF 34, 15). (b) They might also be used for a rudimentary temporary or dishonorable interment of human beings, designed chiefly to keep animals off the corpse, or for the burial of livestock (cf. Olsen 1942b, 40-1; Genzmer 1943, 516-17). (c) Stoning might be used to put somebody to death, as in Hamð 25, but this is unlikely and it is not how the prose compilers understood the stanza (cf. von See 1960, 38). — [7] harðan skatt ‘hard tribute’: The sense is ‘I pay him with stones, not treasure or property’, with ironic play on the notion of tribute, perhaps alluding to demands placed by Hálfdan on the Orcadians (von See 1960, 37). — [8] Háfœtu ‘Háfœta (“Long-legs”)’: Hálfdan háleggr ‘Long-legged’ Haraldsson. This form of the nickname is associated with Hálfdan in some medieval texts, no doubt influenced by the present lausavísa, comparably with þegjandi ‘silent’ applied to Þórir (see Note to Lv 1/7 and Indrebø 1922, 56; cf. Mundal 1993, 255-6). The epithet háfœta is a grammatically f. version of Hálfdan’s nickname háleggr ‘Long-legged’. Olsen (1942b, 43-4) suggests that it implies effeminacy on Hálfdan’s part, as a níð or deadly insult to his surviving kindred.

References

  1. Bibliography
  2. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
  3. Flat 1860-8 = Gudbrand Vigfusson [Guðbrandur Vigfússon] and C. R. Unger, eds. 1860-8. Flateyjarbók. En samling af norske konge-sagaer med indskudte mindre fortællinger om begivenheder i og udenfor Norge samt annaler. 3 vols. Christiania (Oslo): Malling.
  4. ÍF 34 = Orkneyinga saga. Ed. Finnbogi Guðmundsson. 1965.
  5. ÍF 26-8 = Heimskringla. Ed. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson. 1941-51.
  6. F 1871 = Unger, C. R., ed. 1871. Fríssbók: Codex Frisianus. En samling af norske konge-sagaer. Christiania (Oslo): Malling.
  7. Fsk 1902-3 = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1902-3. Fagrskinna: Nóregs kononga tal. SUGNL 30. Copenhagen: Møller.
  8. ÍF 29 = Ágrip af Nóregskonunga sǫgum; Fagrskinna—Nóregs konungatal. Ed. Bjarni Einarsson. 1985.
  9. Orkn 1913-16 = Sigurður Nordal, ed. 1913-16. Orkneyinga saga. SUGNL 40. Copenhagen: Møller.
  10. Olsen, Magnus. 1942b. ‘Hild Rolvsdatters vise om Gange-Rolv og Harald Hårfagre’. MM, 1-70.
  11. Genzmer, Felix. 1943. ‘Sage und Wirklichkeit in der Geschichte von den ersten Orkadenjarlen’. Historische Zeitschrift 168, 509-40.
  12. Indrebø, Gustav. 1922. ‘Aagrip’. Edda 17, 18-65.
  13. See, Klaus von. 1960. ‘Der Skald Torf-Einar’. BGDSL 82, 31-43. Rpt. in von See 1981, 367-79.
  14. Mundal, Else. 1993. ‘The Orkney Earl and Scald Torf-Einarr and his Poetry’. In Batey et al. 1993, 248-59.
  15. Internal references
  16. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Orkneyinga saga’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=47> (accessed 29 March 2024)
  17. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Fagrskinna’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=56> (accessed 29 March 2024)
  18. (forthcoming), ‘ Heimskringla, Haralds saga hárfagra’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=140> (accessed 29 March 2024)
  19. Not published: do not cite ()
  20. Edith Marold (ed.) 2012, ‘Þjóðólfr ór Hvini, Ynglingatal 17’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 38.
Close

Log in

This service is only available to members of the relevant projects, and to purchasers of the skaldic volumes published by Brepols.
This service uses cookies. By logging in you agree to the use of cookies on your browser.

Close

Stanza/chapter/text segment

Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.

Information tab

Interactive tab

The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.

Full text tab

This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.

Chapter/text segment

This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.