ÞjóðA Sex 21^II

Tók Holmbúa hneykir
harðan taum við Rauma;
þar hykk fast ins frœkna
fylking Haralds gingu.
Eldr vas gǫrr at gjaldi;
gramr réð, en þá téði
hár í hóf at fœra
hrótgarmr búendr arma.

{Hneykir Holmbúa} tók harðan taum við Rauma; þar hykk fylking ins frœkna Haralds gingu fast. Eldr vas gǫrr at gjaldi; gramr réð, en {hár hrótgarmr} téði þá at fœra arma búendr í hóf.

{The confounder of the Island-dwellers} [= Haraldr] took a hard rein against the Raumar; there I think the troop of the bold Haraldr advanced strongly. Fire was used in requital; the king had his way, and {the towering roof-hound} [FIRE] served then to bring the wretched farmers into moderation.

Mss: Kˣ(570v), 39(29rb), F(50vb), E(24r), J2ˣ(289v) (Hkr); FskBˣ(77v), FskAˣ(286) (Fsk); Mork(10v) (ll. 1, 1-8) (Mork); Flat(199rb) (Flat); H(60v), Hr(44va) (H-Hr)

Readings: [1] hneykir: hnekkir F, hnekkir twice Mork    [3] þar: ‘þet’ FskAˣ;    frœkna: frægsta FskBˣ, FskAˣ, Mork, H, fegrsta E, fræga Flat, ‘fregrsta’ Hr    [4] fylking: fylkin 39;    gingu: ‘g[...]g[...]’ Mork    [5] gǫrr: so all others, ‘górr’ Kˣ;    gjaldi: gjǫldum FskAˣ    [6] réð: om. E, ‘r[...]ð’ Mork;    þá: om. H, Hr;    téði: tæði 39, H, ‘reðe’ E    [8] hrót‑: so 39, F, E, hrot‑ Kˣ, FskBˣ, J2ˣ, FskAˣ, Mork, Flat, H, ‘hrott‑’ Hr;    ‑garmr: gramr FskAˣ

Editions: Skj AI, 373-4, Skj BI, 343-4, Skald I, 173; Hkr 1893-1901, III, 183, IV, 234, ÍF 28, 166, Hkr 1991, 669 (HSig ch. 73), F 1871, 237-8, E 1916, 85; Fsk 1902-3, 277 (ch. 47), ÍF 29, 272 (ch. 57); Mork 1928-32, 188, Andersson and Gade 2000, 216, 477 (MH); Flat 1860-8, III, 351 (MH); Fms 6, 340 (HSig ch. 91); Fms 12, 159.

Context: In Hkr, after the battle at the Nissan (Niz), Haraldr ravages Romerike (Raumaríki) because the people had withheld taxes and supported his enemies; this st. appears first in the Hkr account. In Fsk, Mork and H-Hr the st. follows 19, with a brief note that Haraldr burned the settlements of Romerike.

Notes: [All]: Mork has l. 1 in the main text and ll. 1-8 in the lower margin in the same hand. — [1] Holmbúa ‘of the Island-dwellers’: A holmr m. is a small island, but the reference of this expression is ambiguous. Finnur Jónsson suggested the inhabitants of the islands off Rogaland (Hkr 1893-1901, IV and LP), while others including the eds of Hkr (ÍF 28 and 1991) favoured the Eydanir, the Danes of Sjælland, Falster, Fyn, and many smaller islands. The implication may be that Haraldr is no less zealous in subduing rebellion within Norway as he was in the Dan. territories; cf. Arn Hardr 6. — [2] Rauma ‘the Raumar’: The people of Romerike (Raumaríki), north-east of Oslofjorden. — [3] hykk; frœkna ‘I think; of the bold’: The reading of the Fsk mss, Mork and H, frægsta ‘most famous’ would also fit well, and would form a skothending with the verb, provided the form was read as hygg’k, as in Andersson and Gade 2000, 216. — [8] hrótgarmr ‘the roof-hound [FIRE]’: Hrót n. occurs in poetry with the sense ‘roof, thatch’ (LP), and garmr is a favoured base-word in fire-kennings presenting an image of flame as a hound or wolf attacking buildings or trees (LP: garmr; Meissner 101). Garmr is also the name of the hound whose howling presages ragnarǫk ‘the doom of the gods’ (Vsp 44 etc.).

References

1. Bibliography
2. Fms = Sveinbjörn Egilsson et al., eds. 1825-37. Fornmanna sögur eptir gömlum handritum útgefnar að tilhlutun hins norræna fornfræða fèlags. 12 vols. Copenhagen: Popp.
3. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
4. Meissner = Meissner, Rudolf. 1921. Die Kenningar der Skalden: Ein Beitrag zur skaldischen Poetik. Rheinische Beiträge und Hülfsbücher zur germanischen Philologie und Volkskunde 1. Bonn and Leipzig: Schroeder. Rpt. 1984. Hildesheim etc.: Olms.
5. LP = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1931. Lexicon poeticum antiquæ linguæ septentrionalis: Ordbog over det norsk-islandske skjaldesprog oprindelig forfattet af Sveinbjörn Egilsson. 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Møller.
6. Andersson, Theodore M. and Kari Ellen Gade, trans. 2000. Morkinskinna: The Earliest Icelandic Chronicle of the Norwegian Kings (1030-1157). Islandica 51. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
7. Flat 1860-8 = Gudbrand Vigfusson [Guðbrandur Vigfússon] and C. R. Unger, eds. 1860-8. Flateyjarbók. En samling af norske konge-sagaer med indskudte mindre fortællinger om begivenheder i og udenfor Norge samt annaler. 3 vols. Christiania (Oslo): Malling.
8. Mork 1928-32 = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1928-32. Morkinskinna. SUGNL 53. Copenhagen: Jørgensen.
9. ÍF 26-8 = Heimskringla. Ed. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson. 1941-51.
10. Hkr 1893-1901 = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1893-1901. Heimskringla: Nóregs konunga sǫgur af Snorri Sturluson. 4 vols. SUGNL 23. Copenhagen: Møller.
11. Hkr 1991 = Bergljót S. Kristjánsdóttir et al., eds. 1991. Heimskringla. 3 vols. Reykjavík: Mál og menning.
12. F 1871 = Unger, C. R., ed. 1871. Fríssbók: Codex Frisianus. En samling af norske konge-sagaer. Christiania (Oslo): Malling.
13. Fsk 1902-3 = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1902-3. Fagrskinna: Nóregs kononga tal. SUGNL 30. Copenhagen: Møller.
14. E 1916 = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1916. Eirspennill: AM 47 fol. Nóregs konunga sǫgur: Magnús góði – Hákon gamli. Kristiania (Oslo): Den norske historiske kildeskriftskommission.
15. ÍF 29 = Ágrip af Nóregskonunga sǫgum; Fagrskinna—Nóregs konungatal. Ed. Bjarni Einarsson. 1985.
16. Internal references
17. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Heimskringla’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=4> (accessed 25 April 2024)
18. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Fagrskinna’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=56> (accessed 25 April 2024)
19. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Hulda-Hrokkinskinna’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=84> (accessed 25 April 2024)
20. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Morkinskinna’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=87> (accessed 25 April 2024)
21. (forthcoming), ‘ Heimskringla, Haralds saga Sigurðssonar’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=142> (accessed 25 April 2024)
22. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Magnúss saga góða ok Haralds harðráða’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=147> (accessed 25 April 2024)
23. Diana Whaley (ed.) 2009, ‘Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, Haraldsdrápa 6’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 267.
24. Not published: do not cite ()