Ill Har 4^II

Brauzt und Míkjál mæztan
— môgum heim, sem frôgum,
sonr Buðla bauð sínum —
sunnlǫnd, Haraldr, rǫndu.

Haraldr, brauzt sunnlǫnd rǫndu und mæztan Míkjál; {sonr Buðla} bauð môgum sínum heim, sem frôgum.

Haraldr, you subjugated the southern lands with the shield for most esteemed Michael; {Buðli’s son} [= Atli] invited his brothers-in-law home, as we [I] have heard.

Mss: Kˣ(524r), 39(19rb), F(42va), E(10v), J2ˣ(259r) (Hkr); FskBˣ(61v), FskAˣ(232) (Fsk); H(22v), Hr(17ra) (H-Hr)

Readings: [1] und: so 39, F, J2ˣ, FskAˣ, H, Hr, um Kˣ, undir FskBˣ;    mæztan: mætan FskBˣ, mestan FskAˣ, H, Hr    [2] môgum: mgu 39, F    [3] sonr: son 39, F, sunr FskBˣ, FskAˣ;    bauð sínum: rauð sinni F    [4] sunn‑: sann‑ J2ˣ, ‘sonn‑’ FskBˣ, sund‑ Hr

Editions: Skj AI, 384, Skj BI, 354, Skald I, 178; ÍF 28, 75-6 (HSig ch. 5), F 1871, 195, E 1916, 36; ÍF 29, 230-1 (ch. 51); Fms 6, 139 (HSig ch. 5).

Context: Haraldr campaigned in Africa as the leader of the Byzantine Emperor Michael Katallaktos’s Varangian army.

Notes: [1] Míkjál ‘Michael’: Michael IV Katallaktos was Byzantine emperor from 11 April 1034 until his death on 10 December 1041. He ruled jointly with Empress Zoe. — [2-3]: The event alluded to in the embedded clauses, namely, how Atli invited his brothers-in-law, the Gjúkungar, to his stronghold to kill them, is described in Akv and Am (NK 240-63). See also SnE 1998, I, 48. Atli was the ON name for Attila, the leader of the Huns (d. 453). — [4] sunnlǫnd ‘the southern lands’: Sicily, southern Italy and North Africa. For these campaigns, see also Hharð Gamv 2, Hharð Lv 10, ÞjóðA Sex 2-8, ÞjóðA Lv 4, Bǫlv Hardr 3-5, Valg Har 1-4, ÞSkegg Hardr, Þfisk Lv 2-3, ESk Geisl 51-3^VII, Sigfús Blöndal 1978, 59-71 and Jesch 2001a, 88-9.

References

1. Bibliography
2. Fms = Sveinbjörn Egilsson et al., eds. 1825-37. Fornmanna sögur eptir gömlum handritum útgefnar að tilhlutun hins norræna fornfræða fèlags. 12 vols. Copenhagen: Popp.
3. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
4. Jesch, Judith. 2001a. Ships and Men in the Late Viking Age: The Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse. Woodbridge: Boydell.
5. NK = Neckel, Gustav and Hans Kuhn (1899), eds. 1983. Edda: Die Lieder des Codex Regius nebst verwandten Denkmälern. 2 vols. I: Text. 5th edn. Heidelberg: Winter.
6. ÍF 26-8 = Heimskringla. Ed. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson. 1941-51.
7. F 1871 = Unger, C. R., ed. 1871. Fríssbók: Codex Frisianus. En samling af norske konge-sagaer. Christiania (Oslo): Malling.
8. E 1916 = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1916. Eirspennill: AM 47 fol. Nóregs konunga sǫgur: Magnús góði – Hákon gamli. Kristiania (Oslo): Den norske historiske kildeskriftskommission.
9. SnE 1998 = Snorri Sturluson. 1998. Edda: Skáldskaparmál. Ed. Anthony Faulkes. 2 vols. University College London: Viking Society for Northern Research.
10. ÍF 29 = Ágrip af Nóregskonunga sǫgum; Fagrskinna—Nóregs konungatal. Ed. Bjarni Einarsson. 1985.
11. Sigfús Blöndal. 1978. The Varangians of Byzantium: An Aspect of Byzantine Military History. Trans. and rev. Benedikt S. Benedikz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. First published 1954 as Væringja saga. Reykjavík: Ísafoldarprentsmiðja.
12. Internal references
13. (forthcoming), ‘ Heimskringla, Haralds saga Sigurðssonar’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=142> (accessed 25 April 2024)
14. Kari Ellen Gade 2009, ‘ Þórarinn Skeggjason, Haraldsdrápa’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 294-5. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=1423> (accessed 25 April 2024)
15. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Bǫlverkr Arnórsson, Drápa about Haraldr harðráði 3’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 289.
16. Not published: do not cite ()
17. Not published: do not cite ()
18. Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 51’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 48-9.
19. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson, Lausavísur 10’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 51-2.
20. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson, Gamanvísur 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 36-7.
21. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Þorgils fiskimaðr, Lausavísur 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 334-5.
22. Diana Whaley (ed.) 2009, ‘Þjóðólfr Arnórsson, Sexstefja 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 113-14.
23. Diana Whaley (ed.) 2009, ‘Þjóðólfr Arnórsson, Lausavísur 4’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 168-9.
24. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Valgarðr á Velli, Poem about Haraldr harðráði 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 300-1.