Anon (HSig) 1^II

This st. (Anon (HSig) 1) is recorded in Mork (Mork), Flat (Flat), FskBˣ, FskAˣ (Fsk), H, Hr (H-Hr) and mss Kˣ, 39, F, E, J2ˣ of Hkr, and it is anonymous in all mss. Mork, which offers the best reading, is the main ms.

Skôru jast ór osti
eybaugs Dana meyjar
— þat of angraði þengil
þing — akkerishringa.
Nú sér mǫrg í morgun
mær — hlær at því færi —
ernan krók ór jarni
allvalds skipum halda.

Meyjar Dana {eybaugs} skôru akkerishringa ór jastosti; þat þing of angraði þengil. Nú í morgun sér mǫrg mær ernan krók ór jarni halda skipum allvalds; færi hlær at því.

The girls of the Danes {of the island-ring} [SEA] carved anchor-rings from yeast-cheese; that object angered the lord. Now this morning many a maiden sees a powerful hook of iron holding the mighty ruler’s ships; fewer laugh at that.

Mss: Mork(8v) (Mork); Flat(197va) (Flat); H(44v), Hr(32ra) (H-Hr); FskBˣ(70r), FskAˣ(262) (Fsk); Kˣ(541v), 39(23va), F(45va), E(15v), J2ˣ(269v) (Hkr)

Readings: [1] jast: oss FskBˣ, FskAˣ;    ór: er FskBˣ, af FskAˣ    [3] þat: þau E;    of: om. Flat, FskBˣ, FskAˣ, Kˣ, 39, F, J2ˣ;    angraði: ǫngruðu E    [5] mǫrg í: ‘mægi’ Flat;    morgun: morgin Flat, H, Hr, 39, F    [7] ernan: œrnan H, Hr, 39, E;    ór: af FskBˣ    [8] allvalds: allvaldr Flat, ‘alldzualldz’ E

Editions: Skj AI, 425-6, Skj BI, 395, Skald I, 196, NN §§909, 1953A; Mork 1867, 52, Mork 1928-32, 157, Andersson and Gade 2000, 195-6, 475 (MH); Flat 1860-8, III, 336 (MH); Fms 6, 253-4 (HSig ch. 48); ÍF 29, 252 (ch. 55); ÍF 28, 110-11 (HSig ch. 32), F 1871, 211, E 1916, 54-5.

Context: The daughters of the Dan. chieftain Þorkell geysir ‘Big-mouth’ mock King Haraldr harðráði of Norway by carving anchor-rings from cheese, saying that these will suffice to secure his ships. Haraldr arrives in Denmark, burns Þorkell’s farmstead and captures his daughters (c. 1048).

Notes: [All]: For this campaign, see also Hharð Lv 4, ÞjóðA Lv 2, Bǫlv Hardr 8 and Grani Har 1-2. — [1] ór jastosti ‘from yeast-cheese’: Kock (NN §1953A) objected to this tmesis and suggested the reading skru jastar osti translated as skuro av jästost ‘cut from yeast-cheese’. That reading is not supported by any ms. Jastostr is a hap. leg. and it is not clear what type of cheese this could have been (see ÍF 28, 100 n.; Grøn 1927, 100). Skj B translates it as myseost, a brown cheese made from the whey of cow’s milk, which is, however, not made with yeast. The Fsk variant, skru oss ór osti ‘cut for us from cheese’, is secondary and leaves the l. with faulty internal rhyme. — [2] Dana eybaugs ‘of the Danes of the island-ring [SEA]’: Designates the inhabitants of coastal Denmark (cf. sæbyggvar ‘people living by the sea’; Fritzner: sæbyggi; NN §909; see also Eydanir ‘Island-Danes’ in ÞjóðA Har 6/2 and Mark Eirdr 22/8). Eybaugs could also qualify þing ‘object’ (l. 4) in which case þat þing eybaugs ‘that object of the island-ring (i.e. sea)’ would refer to the anchor rings (so ÍF 28; ÍF 29). Skj B opts for the latter, but adopts the E variant: þau þing eybaugs of ǫngruðu þengil ‘those objects of the island-ring angered the lord’ (ll. 2-4). — [3] of angraði ‘angered’: The expletive particle of is archaic and must represent the original reading (see Gade 2000). — [4] akkerishringa ‘anchor-rings’: Refers to the ring on top of the anchor through which the rope passed (see Falk 1912, 78-9). — [7] ernan ‘powerful, vigorous’: Skj B and Skald give the variant œrnan (so H, Hr, 39, E) from œrinn ‘plentiful’.

References

1. Bibliography
2. Skj B = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1912-15b. Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning. B: Rettet tekst. 2 vols. Copenhagen: Villadsen & Christensen. Rpt. 1973. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger.
3. Fms = Sveinbjörn Egilsson et al., eds. 1825-37. Fornmanna sögur eptir gömlum handritum útgefnar að tilhlutun hins norræna fornfræða fèlags. 12 vols. Copenhagen: Popp.
4. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
5. NN = Kock, Ernst Albin. 1923-44. Notationes Norrœnæ: Anteckningar till Edda och skaldediktning. Lunds Universitets årsskrift new ser. 1. 28 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
6. Andersson, Theodore M. and Kari Ellen Gade, trans. 2000. Morkinskinna: The Earliest Icelandic Chronicle of the Norwegian Kings (1030-1157). Islandica 51. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
7. Gade, Kari Ellen. 2000. ‘Poetry and its Changing Importance in Medieval Icelandic Culture’. In Clunies Ross 2000a, 61-95.
8. Falk, Hjalmar. 1912. Altnordisches Seewesen. Wörter und Sachen 4. Heidelberg: Winter.
9. Flat 1860-8 = Gudbrand Vigfusson [Guðbrandur Vigfússon] and C. R. Unger, eds. 1860-8. Flateyjarbók. En samling af norske konge-sagaer med indskudte mindre fortællinger om begivenheder i og udenfor Norge samt annaler. 3 vols. Christiania (Oslo): Malling.
10. Fritzner = Fritzner, Johan. 1883-96. Ordbog over det gamle norske sprog. 3 vols. Kristiania (Oslo): Den norske forlagsforening. 4th edn. Rpt. 1973. Oslo etc.: Universitetsforlaget.
11. Mork 1928-32 = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1928-32. Morkinskinna. SUGNL 53. Copenhagen: Jørgensen.
12. ÍF 26-8 = Heimskringla. Ed. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson. 1941-51.
13. F 1871 = Unger, C. R., ed. 1871. Fríssbók: Codex Frisianus. En samling af norske konge-sagaer. Christiania (Oslo): Malling.
14. E 1916 = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1916. Eirspennill: AM 47 fol. Nóregs konunga sǫgur: Magnús góði – Hákon gamli. Kristiania (Oslo): Den norske historiske kildeskriftskommission.
15. Grøn, Fredrik. 1927. Om kostholdet i Norge indtil 1500. Oslo: Dybwad.
16. ÍF 29 = Ágrip af Nóregskonunga sǫgum; Fagrskinna—Nóregs konungatal. Ed. Bjarni Einarsson. 1985.
17. Mork 1867 = Unger, C. R., ed. 1867. Morkinskinna: Pergamentsbog fra første halvdel af det trettende aarhundrede. Indeholdende en af de ældste optegnelser af norske kongesagaer. Oslo: Bentzen.
18. Internal references
19. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Heimskringla’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=4> (accessed 23 April 2024)
20. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Flateyjarbók’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=44> (accessed 23 April 2024)
21. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Fagrskinna’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=56> (accessed 23 April 2024)
22. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Hulda-Hrokkinskinna’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=84> (accessed 23 April 2024)
23. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Morkinskinna’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=87> (accessed 23 April 2024)
24. (forthcoming), ‘ Heimskringla, Haralds saga Sigurðssonar’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=142> (accessed 23 April 2024)
25. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Magnúss saga góða ok Haralds harðráða’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=147> (accessed 23 April 2024)
26. Kari Ellen Gade and Diana Whaley (eds) 2009, ‘Anonymous Lausavísur, Lausavísur from Haralds saga Sigurðarsonar 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 815-16.
27. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Bǫlverkr Arnórsson, Drápa about Haraldr harðráði 8’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 293.
28. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Grani skáld, Poem about Haraldr harðráði 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 296-7.
29. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson, Lausavísur 4’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 46-7.
30. Jayne Carroll (ed.) 2009, ‘Markús Skeggjason, Eiríksdrápa 22’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 450-1.
31. Diana Whaley (ed.) 2009, ‘Þjóðólfr Arnórsson, Lausavísur 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 165-6.
32. Diana Whaley (ed.) 2009, ‘Þjóðólfr Arnórsson, Stanzas about Haraldr Sigurðarson’s leiðangr 6’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 156-7.