Þul Hjálms 1^III

Hropts hattar skalk         heiti segja:
hjalmr, gullfáinn,         hraunn, valhrímnir,
hallhrímnir, skolkr         ok hlífandi,
fjǫrnir, þokki         ok fík-Móinn.

Skalk segja heiti {hattar Hropts}: hjalmr, gullfáinn, hraunn, valhrímnir, hallhrímnir, skolkr ok hlífandi, fjǫrnir, þokki ok fík-Móinn.

I shall say the names {of Hroptr’s <= Óðinn’s> hood} [HELMET]: helmet, gold-coloured one, hraunn, slaughter-boar, stone-boar, frightener and protecting one, life-protector, favour and greedy-Móinn.

Mss: R(43r), Tˣ(45r), C(12v), A(19r), B(9r), 744ˣ(71r-v) (SnE)

Readings: [1] Hropts: ‘[…]ropz’ B, ‘Hroptz’ 744ˣ    [2] heiti segja: so Tˣ, A, B, segja heiti R, C    [3] hjalmr gullfáinn: ‘[…]almr g[…]llfaenn’ B, ‘híalmr gullfaenn’ 744ˣ    [4] hraunn: ‘hrꜹr’ A, ‘hramr’ B;    valhrímnir: om. B    [5] skolkr: so Tˣ, skolir R, skollr C, ‘skǿlkr’ A, skalkr B    [7] þokki: ‘þo[…]kí’ B, ‘þoki’ 744ˣ    [8] fík‑: fisk‑ A, B

Editions: Skj AI, 667, Skj BI, 665, Skald I, 330; SnE 1848-87, I, 572-3, II, 478, 562, 621, SnE 1931, 204, SnE 1998, I, 123.

Notes: [3] gullfáinn (m.) ‘gold-coloured one’: Not attested elsewhere as a cpd. The heiti refers to a gilded helmet. — [4] hraunn: A hap. leg. This is an obscure word whose form is uncertain. Mss R, Tˣ and C have hraunn, and A and B have the variants (normalised) hrør (A; cf. hrør ‘corpse’) and ‘hramr’ (B; cf. OS hrama ‘frame’). According to de Vries (AEW: hraunn) hraunn is related to the strong verb hrjóða ‘cover’. Alternatively, the term might be connected with hraun n. ‘lava field’ (ÍO: hraunn). — [4] valhrímnir (m.) ‘slaughter-boar’: This cpd, which is not attested elswehere, is formed from valr m. ‘slain’ and hrímnir m. ‘boar’ (see Þul Galtar l. 2). Cf. the similar terms for ‘helmet’, valgǫltr m. ‘slaughter-boar’, hildigǫltr m. ‘battle-boar’ (st. 2/1) and hildisvín n. ‘battle-swine’ (see Falk 1914b, 160). See also the next heiti. As a simplex and as the second element in compounds, Hrímnir is quite common in mythical names (see LP: Hrímnir). According to de Vries (AEW: Hrímnir 1-2), the word is derived from hrím ‘frost, rime’ (AEW: Hrímnir 1) or from the Germanic root *(s)krī- ‘scream’ (AEW: Hrímnir 2 and hreimr 1). De Vries places the boar-heiti in the second category. — [5] hallhrímnir (m.) ‘stone-boar’: This cpd is not found elsewhere. The first element of the cpd is hallr m. ‘stone, gem’ (this word frequently occurs as a first part of personal names) and the second element is most likely identical with hrímnir ‘boar’ (cf. the previous heiti). Faulkes (SnE 1998, II, 300) connects the first element with hǫll f. ‘hall’ and gives the translation ‘hall-crier’ (for hrímnir ‘crier, shouter’, see AEW: Hrímnir 2 and the previous Note). — [5] skolkr (m.) ‘frightener’: Probably an agent noun from a strong verb *skelka ‘frighten’. Cf. skelkr m. ‘terror, fright’ and the weak verb skelkja ‘frighten, deride’ (AEW: skolkr; cf. œgir ‘terrifier’ in st. 2/3 below). Skolkr is also a heiti for ‘sword’ (Þul Sverða 2/1), and the word is only attested in the þulur. — [6] hlífandi (m.) ‘protecting one’: Pres. part. of the weak verb hlífa ‘give cover, protect’, and not attested elsewhere as a heiti for ‘helmet’. — [7] fjǫrnir (m.) ‘life-protector’: A poetic term for ‘helmet’ (from fjǫr n. ‘life’ with the ‑nir suffix). Cf. the previous heiti. Fjǫrnir is the name of a sea-king in Þjóðólfr Frag 1/3 and a servant in Akv 10/1. — [7] þokki (m.) ‘favour’: The heiti is probably the same word as þokki m. ‘liking, favour, disposition, appearance’ (Falk 1914b, 167). The word does not occur as a heiti for ‘helmet’ in other sources. Cf. also þýð- ‘pleasant’ among the heiti for ‘mail-shirt’ (Þul Brynju l. 5). — [8] fík-Móinn ‘greedy-Móinn’: This cpd is not attested elsewhere. The heiti is formed from the poetic adj. fíkr ‘greedy, eager’ and Móinn, the name of a mythical serpent (Þul Orma 4/7; cf. also gest-Móinn ‘guest-Móinn’ among the heiti for ‘sword’, Þul Sverða 9/7). According to Falk (1914b, 167), fík-Móinn must refer to the shape (or ornamentation) of a helmet (see also Marold 1998). The A, B variant fisk-Móinn ‘fish-Móinn’ is difficult to explain as a term for ‘helmet’.

References

1. Bibliography
2. SnE 1848-87 = Snorri Sturluson. 1848-87. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar: Edda Snorronis Sturlaei. Ed. Jón Sigurðsson et al. 3 vols. Copenhagen: Legatum Arnamagnaeanum. Rpt. Osnabrück: Zeller, 1966.
3. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
4. AEW = Vries, Jan de. 1962. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 2nd rev. edn. Rpt. 1977. Leiden: Brill.
5. LP = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1931. Lexicon poeticum antiquæ linguæ septentrionalis: Ordbog over det norsk-islandske skjaldesprog oprindelig forfattet af Sveinbjörn Egilsson. 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Møller.
6. ÍO = Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon. 1989. Íslensk orðsifjabók. Reykjavík: Orðabók Háskólans.
7. Falk, Hjalmar. 1914b. Altnordische Waffenkunde. Videnskapsselskapets skrifter, II. Hist.-filos. kl. 1914, 6. Kristiania (Oslo): Dybwad.
8. SnE 1931 = Snorri Sturluson. 1931. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar. Ed. Finnur Jónsson. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.
9. SnE 1998 = Snorri Sturluson. 1998. Edda: Skáldskaparmál. Ed. Anthony Faulkes. 2 vols. University College London: Viking Society for Northern Research.
10. Marold, Edith. 1998a. ‘Die Augen des Herrschers’. In Meier 1998, 7-29.
11. Internal references
12. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Sverða heiti 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 791.
13. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Sverða heiti 9’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 806.
14. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Orma heiti 4’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 933.
15. Not published: do not cite ()
16. Elena Gurevich 2017, ‘ Anonymous, Brynju heiti’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 831. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=3203> (accessed 20 April 2024)
17. Elena Gurevich 2017, ‘ Anonymous, Galtar heiti’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 900. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=3215> (accessed 20 April 2024)
18. Edith Marold (ed.) 2017, ‘Þjóðólfr, Fragment 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 465.