Þul Jǫtna II 2^III

Kyrmir, Suttungr         ok Kaldgrani,
jǫtunn, Óglaðnir         ok Aurgrímnir,
Gillingr, Gripnir,         Gusir, Ófóti,
Hlói, Ganglati         ok Helreginn.

Kyrmir, Suttungr ok Kaldgrani, jǫtunn, Óglaðnir ok Aurgrímnir, Gillingr, Gripnir, Gusir, Ófóti, Hlói, Ganglati ok Helreginn.

Kyrmir, Suttungr and Kaldgrani, giant, Óglaðnir and Aurgrímnir, Gillingr, Gripnir, Gusir, Ófóti, Hlói, Ganglati and Helreginn.

Mss: R(42r), Tˣ(44r), C(11v), A(17v), B(8r), 744ˣ(58r) (SnE)

Readings: [1] Kyrmir: Þyrmir C;    Suttungr: om. Tˣ, ‘su[…]nngr’ B, ‘suttunngr’ 744ˣ    [2] ok: om. Tˣ;    Kald‑: so C, A, B, ‘kall‑’ R, karl‑ Tˣ    [4] ok: om. Tˣ    [5] Gillingr: so B, grímlingr R, C, ‘grillir’ Tˣ, gyllingr A;    Gripnir: so A, 744ˣ, om. R, Tˣ, C, ‘gri[…]ir’ B    [6] Gusir: ‘[…]us[…]’ B, gusir 744ˣ;    Ófóti: om. C    [7] Hlói Ganglati: ok ganglati ofláti hlói C, ‘hl[…]i’ A, ‘g[…]la[…]i’ B, ‘hloí gannglati’ 744ˣ    [8] ok: om. Tˣ

Editions: Skj AI, 657-8, Skj BI, 660, Skald I, 325; SnE 1848-87, I, 555, II, 471, 554, 616, SnE 1931, 197, SnE 1998, I, 114.

Notes: [1] Kyrmir: A hap. leg. The meaning of the name is uncertain, but the root may be the same as in New Norw. kyrmast ‘suffer from a difficulty breathing’, and hence a nomen agentis from a weak verb *kyrma ‘cause physical suffering’ (possibly ‘crusher’; Finnur Jónsson 1934-5, 302). Alternatively, Kyrmir is related to OE cearm, cierm ‘cry, shout’ (cf. ON kurra ‘murmur, grumble’; AEW: Kyrmir). — [1] Suttungr: Father of Gunnlǫð and keeper of the mead of poetry, which was stolen from him by Óðinn (Hávm 104/6, 110/4-6; Alv 34/6; Skm, SnE 1998, I, 3-5). The name is also attested in the form Suttungi (Skí 34/3 (NK 76) synir Suttunga ‘sons of Suttungi’) and may mean  ‘rusher’ (cf. New Norw. sutta ‘to rush’). The name does not appear in skaldic verse, but it is attested in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: Suttungr, Supt-). — [2] Kaldgrani: So C, A, B. Lit. ‘Cold-mouth’, from the adj. kaldr ‘cold’ and grǫn f. ‘mouth, moustache’. In R, the first element of this cpd is spelled Kall-, which may be the assimilated form of karl m. ‘old man’, the reading of Tˣ and the LaufE mss (papp10ˣ(45r), 2368ˣ(102), 743ˣ(79v)). In Ketils saga hœngs (chs 2, 5, FSN II, 115-16, 131), Kallrani is a giant killed by Ketill; other names from that saga mentioned in the present stanza are Gusir and Ófóti (l. 6). — [3] Óglaðnir: Lit. ‘un-gladdener’ (a cpd not attested elsewhere). — [4] Aurgrímnir: A cpd not found elsewhere which translates as ‘clay-masked one’. This may be another name for the primeval giant Ymir (see Aurnir, Aurgelmir and Grímnir, Þul Jǫtna I 1/6, 4/7, 5/5). — [5-6]: In ms. C these lines, which are the last in st. 2 (see Introduction above and Note to l. 5 below), contain the following names: Grimlingr, Gusir | ok Ganglati. Owing to scribal error (dittography), the name Grimlingr is given twice, but in the second word, <m> has been underscored, indicating that the letter ought to be deleted, hence ‘grilingr’. — [5] Gillingr: So B. The A variant, Gyllingr, is most likely a different name derived from gull n. ‘gold’, while Grímlingr in R, C might be a variant of Grímnir. The giant Gillingr was the uncle (or the father?) of Suttungr (Skm, SnE 1998, I, 3, 153 n. 3/35). The name, which means ‘crying one’ (from the strong verb gjalla ‘cry’), is used as a determinant in a kenning for ‘poetry’ (Eyv Hál 1/3-4^I). — [5] Gripnir: Most likely from the strong verb grípa ‘grasp, grip’, and hence ‘capturer, robber’ (LP: Gripnir). The name is given only in A and 744ˣ (B); the line is defective in the other mss. A giant of this name is not known from other sources, but Gripnir is a sea-king in Þhorn Gldr 1/5^I. — [6] Gusir: This giant appears to be identical with the legendary king (also known as Gusi) of the Saami in North Norway, who was the owner of magic arrows (cf. Ketils saga hœngs, FSN II, 118-22 and Ǫrvar-Odds saga, FSN II, 173, 511). See also Refr Ferðv 5/4 and Gusi Lv 1/1-2^VIII (Ket 3b). The name could mean ‘rusher’ (from the strong verb gjósa ‘gush, spurt out, break out’). — [6] Ófóti: This name could mean ‘one from Ófótafjǫrðr’, i.e. Ofotfjorden in northern Norway (see Þul Fjarða l. 2), and a giant of this name is mentioned in Ketils saga hœngs (Ket ch. 5, FSN II, 131): Ófóti úr Ófótansfirði ‘Ófóti from Ofotfjorden’. The name is also found in the form Ófótan in OStór (ch. 8, Flat 1860-8, I, 529). Ms. C has the variant Ofláti ‘showy one’, which opens the third stanza of the þula in that ms. (see Introduction above). — [7] Hlói: A hap. leg. Perhaps ‘bellower’ (related to the weak verb hlóa ‘bellow, roar’). — [7] Ganglati: Lit. ‘walk-lazy one’ (from the strong verb ganga ‘go, walk’ or the noun gangr m. ‘walk, going’ and the adj. latr ‘lazy, slow’). A male slave or servant of Hel, Loki’s daughter, who presided over the realm of the dead in Old Norse myth. Cf. also the f. form Ganglǫt, Hel’s maid-servant (for both names, see Gylf, SnE 2005, 27). In C this name occupies the last position in st. 2 and is followed by Ofláti, Hlói ok Helreginn (st. 3/1-2). — [8] Helreginn: A hap. leg. The first element of this cpd is either the proper name Hel (see the previous Note) or the common noun hel f. ‘death’. The second element is reginn m. sg. from regin n. pl. ‘divine powers, gods’. See Þul Dverga 6/4, Þloft Glækv 9/10^I and Notes there.

References

1. Bibliography
2. FSN = Rafn, Carl Christian, ed. 1829-30. Fornaldar sögur nordrlanda. 3 vols. Copenhagen: Popp.
3. SnE 1848-87 = Snorri Sturluson. 1848-87. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar: Edda Snorronis Sturlaei. Ed. Jón Sigurðsson et al. 3 vols. Copenhagen: Legatum Arnamagnaeanum. Rpt. Osnabrück: Zeller, 1966.
4. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
5. AEW = Vries, Jan de. 1962. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 2nd rev. edn. Rpt. 1977. Leiden: Brill.
6. LP = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1931. Lexicon poeticum antiquæ linguæ septentrionalis: Ordbog over det norsk-islandske skjaldesprog oprindelig forfattet af Sveinbjörn Egilsson. 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Møller.
7. Finnur Jónsson. 1926-8. Ordbog til de af samfund til udg. af gml. nord. litteratur udgivne Rímur samt til de af Dr. O. Jiriczek udgivne Bósarímur. SUGNL 51. Copenhagen: Jørgensen.
8. Flat 1860-8 = Gudbrand Vigfusson [Guðbrandur Vigfússon] and C. R. Unger, eds. 1860-8. Flateyjarbók. En samling af norske konge-sagaer med indskudte mindre fortællinger om begivenheder i og udenfor Norge samt annaler. 3 vols. Christiania (Oslo): Malling.
9. NK = Neckel, Gustav and Hans Kuhn (1899), eds. 1983. Edda: Die Lieder des Codex Regius nebst verwandten Denkmälern. 2 vols. I: Text. 5th edn. Heidelberg: Winter.
10. SnE 1931 = Snorri Sturluson. 1931. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar. Ed. Finnur Jónsson. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.
11. SnE 1998 = Snorri Sturluson. 1998. Edda: Skáldskaparmál. Ed. Anthony Faulkes. 2 vols. University College London: Viking Society for Northern Research.
12. SnE 2005 = Snorri Sturluson. 2005. Edda: Prologue and Gylfaginning. Ed. Anthony Faulkes. 2nd edn. University College London: Viking Society for Northern Research.
13. Finnur Jónsson. 1934-5. ‘Þulur: Søkonge- og jættenavneremserne’. APS 9, 289-308.
14. Internal references
15. 2017, ‘ Anonymous, Ǫrvar-Odds saga’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 804. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=35> (accessed 23 April 2024)
16. 2017, ‘ Anonymous, Ketils saga hœngs’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 548. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=71> (accessed 23 April 2024)
17. 2017, ‘ Anonymous, Orms þáttr Stórólfssonar’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 602. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=80> (accessed 23 April 2024)
18. (forthcoming), ‘ Snorri Sturluson, Skáldskaparmál’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=112> (accessed 23 April 2024)
19. (forthcoming), ‘ Snorri Sturluson, Gylfaginning’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=113> (accessed 23 April 2024)
20. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Jǫtna heiti I 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 707.
21. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Dverga heiti 6’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 704.
22. Not published: do not cite ()
23. Not published: do not cite ()
24. Russell Poole (ed.) 2012, ‘Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson, Háleygjatal 1’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 197.
25. Not published: do not cite ()
26. Edith Marold (ed.) 2017, ‘Hofgarða-Refr Gestsson, Ferðavísur 5’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 248.
27. Elena Gurevich 2017, ‘ Anonymous, Fjarða heiti’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 982. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=3248> (accessed 23 April 2024)
28. Edith Marold (ed.) 2012, ‘Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Glymdrápa 1’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 75.
29. Matthew Townend (ed.) 2012, ‘Þórarinn loftunga, Glælognskviða 9’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 875.
30. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Laufás Edda’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=10928> (accessed 23 April 2024)
31. Beatrice La Farge (ed.) 2017, ‘Ketils saga hœngs 3 (Gusi finnakonungr, Lausavísur 1)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 554.