Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Þórs heiti 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 758.
Þórr heitir Atli ok Ásabragr;
sá es Ennilangr ok Eindriði,
Bjǫrn, Hlórriði ok Harðvéorr,
Vingþórr, Sǫnnungr, Véoðr ok Rymr.
Þórr heitir Atli ok Ásabragr; sá es Ennilangr ok Eindriði, Bjǫrn, Hlórriði ok Harðvéorr, Vingþórr, Sǫnnungr, Véoðr ok Rymr.
Þórr is called Atli and Ásabragr; he is Ennilangr and Eindriði, Bjǫrn, Hlórriði and Harðvéorr, Vingþórr, Sǫnnungr, Véoðr and Rymr.
Mss: R(42r), Tˣ(44r), C(11v), A(18r), B(8v), 744ˣ(61v-62r) (SnE)
Readings: [1] Þórr: om. A, B; Atli: ‘ali’ B [2] ok Ásabragr: ok ennilangr A, ‘ok enndilanngr’ B [3] sá es Ennilangr (‘sa er ennilangr’): þórr eindriði A, 744ˣ, ‘þ[…] eíndride’ B [4] ok Eindriði: ok einriði Tˣ, er eindriði heitir C, ok ásabragr A, ok ásabragi B [5] Bjǫrn: ‘b[…]n’ B, ‘bio᷎rn’ 744ˣ; Hlórriði: lórriði Tˣ, ‘hlór[...]’ B, ‘hlóridi’ 744ˣ [6] Harðvéorr: ‘ha[…]dueo᷎rr’ B, ‘hardueo᷎rr’ 744ˣ [7] Vingþórr: ‘vingþær’ A; Sǫnnungr: ‘[…]nungr’ B, ‘sonnungr’ 744ˣ [8] Véoðr: vingþórr A, ‘vínngþérr’ B
Editions: Skj AI, 656-7, Skj BI, 660, Skald I, 324, NN §2565A; SnE 1848-87, I, 553, II, 473, 556, 616, SnE 1931, 196, SnE 1998, I, 113.
Notes: [1] Þórr: See Note to Þul Ása I l. 5. — [1] Atli: This is the substantivised weak m. form of the adj. atall ‘fierce, savage’, hence the meaning is ‘fierce one’ or ‘terrible one’. Atli is also a sea-king (see Notes to Þul Sækonunga 1/1 and 1/6 for a discussion of the name). As a name for Þórr, Atli occurs in poetry only in Eil Þdr 11/5. The variant reading Ali (B) may perhaps be explained as a confusion with Áli, given as the name of another of Óðinn’s sons (see Note to Þul Ása I l. 4). — [2] Ásabragr: The meaning of this name is either ‘chief of the gods’ or ‘the best of the gods’ (cf. bragi m. ‘chief’, Bragi, the name of the god of poetry, and bragnar m. pl. ‘men’; see Notes to Þul Ása I l. 10, Þul Ása II l. 8 and Þul Manna 2/1). Other than in the present þula, ásabragr (or ása bragr) is found only in Skí 33/2. According to Sijmons and Gering (S-G I, 232), in Skí the word ought to be taken as a common noun referring to Óðinn rather than to Þórr, and it could well have been transferred to the present list of names for Þórr as a result of a misunderstanding of that eddic stanza (see also Kommentar I, 85). However, Ásaþórr (Hárb 52/1, Gylf, Skm) is another, widely used name for Þórr, which also represents him as a god of the Æsir family (see also the discussion in ARG II, 150). — [3] Ennilangr: Lit. ‘one with a long (i.e. wide) forehead’, from enni n. ‘forehead’ and the adj. langr ‘long’ (LP: Ennilangr). This name is not attested in other sources (but cf. the Óðinn-heiti Ennibrattr, Þul Óðins 6/8). — [4] Eindriði: Or Einriði. Cf. Þjóð Haustl 19/8, ESkál Vell 14/2I as well as the Prologue to SnE (2005, 5), where Einriði is a descendant of Þórr. Finnur Jónsson (LP: Ein(d)riði) assumes that the name means ‘one who rides alone’ (< Einn-riði with a -d- insert; a later form is Indriði). Alternatively, the name has been explained as ‘one who rules alone’ (< *ainiðu-rāðie or < *aina-rāðiē, see AEW: Eindriði, Eindriðr). Eindriði is also a m. pers. n. — [5]: Kock (NN §2565A) changes the order of names in this line to Hlórriði, Bjǫrn to avoid having a non-alliterating noun in the first lift of the line. — [5] Bjǫrn: As a name for Þórr, Bjǫrn is not found elsewhere in skaldic poetry, but it does appear in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: bjǫrn). Bjǫrn (which translates as ‘bear’) is a common pers. n. — [5] Hlórriði: This name for Þórr occurs in many sources (e.g. Hym 4/6, 16/3, 27/1, 29/1, 37/3, Þry 7/7, 8/1, 14/7, 31/1). It is also attested in the form Hlóriði, and as Loriði in the Prologue to SnE (2005, 5), although it is the name of Þórr’s son in the latter source. According to AEW: Hlóriði, Hlórriði, the first element is related to Hlóra, the name of Þórr’s foster-mother in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 14), and Hlói ‘roaring one’, the name of a giant (see Note to Þul Jǫtna II 2/7). The second element has been explained in different ways. (a) A derivative from the strong verb ríða ‘ride’, cf. Einriði (l. 4); if so, the name would mean ‘roaring rider’ (LP: Hlórriði; Kommentar II, 539). Kock (NN §2404) connects the first part of the name with an unattested adj. *hlór = Lat. clarus ‘bright’ and interprets it as ‘bright rider’. (b) A word related to the strong verb ráða (-riði < ‑rœði) ‘rule’ (ANG §151.6). (c) Derived from *hriþi (from hríð f. ‘storm’), hence ‘roaring thunderer’ (Gering 1894, 25). This name is used as a base-word in a kenning for ‘man’ in ESkál Vell 14/8I. — [6] Harðvéorr: In this form the name does not occur elsewhere, but the second element, Véorr, is a name for Þórr (Hym 11/10, 17/1, 21/7). Hence Harðvéorr could be translated as ‘hard-Véorr’. The name Véorr is also a cpd in which the first element is vé n. ‘sanctuary’, and the second component either means ‘defender’ (a contraction of a cpd *vé-vǫrr, cf. the weak verb verja ‘defend’) or is a contracted form of vé-vǫrðr m. ‘guardian of a sanctuary’ (see AEW: Véurr; Turville-Petre 1964, 101). Dronke (1997, 150) takes Véorr to mean ‘one who is linked to the vé of Miðgarðr as defender, guardian’, because Þórr defends Miðgarðr against the giants, and Miðgarðr is called vé alda ‘sanctuary of mankind’ (Hávm 107/6, NK 33). See also Véoðr (l. 8) and Vingþórr (l. 7). — [7] Vingþórr: One of the names for Þórr found in eddic poems (Þry 1/1, Alv 6/1). It is given as Vingeþórr in the Prologue to SnE (2005, 5), but there it is the name of a son of Einriði (see Note to l. 4 above). Vingþórr has been associated with runic Wigiþonar in an inscription on a clasp from Nordendorf (C7th), which probably means ‘consecrating Þórr’ or ‘slaying Þórr’ (either an invocation or a name; see ARG I, 311, II, 123). The first element in this name has been interpreted in different ways, namely, as related (a) to the strong verb vega, hence ‘fighting one’ (cf. Lat. vincere ‘win’); (b) to vé n. ‘sanctuary’, cf. Véorr and Véoðr in ll. 6, 8; (c) to Vingnir, in the latter case Vingþórr may be explained as ‘Þórr, who brandishes his weapon’ (for details see AEW: Vingþórr; Kommentar II, 527-8). On Vingnir, a name for Óðinn and a giant, see Notes to Þul Óðins 5/8 and Þul Jǫtna I 5/8. — [7] Sǫnnungr: This name, derived from the adj. sannr ‘true’, is found only in the present þula and in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: Sǫnnungr). — [8]: In mss R and Tˣ, ‘asa hetia’ (so R; ‘asahetia’ Tˣ) has been added at the end of l. 8. Clearly, the heading of the next þula (cf. Ása heiti ‘Names of the gods’ ms. C, Þul Ása I; see Introduction) was confused with a possible name for Þórr (Ásahetja f. ‘champion of the gods’). — [8] Véoðr: A hap. leg. The name Véoðr is probably a variant of Véorr (see Note to Harðvéorr in l. 6 above). — [8] Rymr: This name must be derived from rymr m. ‘roaring noise, crash’ (CVC: rymr). It is otherwise attested as a name for Þórr only in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: Rymr).
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