David McDougall (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Pétrsdrápa 43’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 834-5.
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2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound < sárfenginn (adj./verb p.p.)
[1] sárfeinginn ‘pain-stricken’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) prints sárfengin and takes it with sótt (l. 2): En smærtefuld kummer sårer herrens hyrdes sjæl ‘A painful anguish afflicts the soul of the Lord’s shepherd’. Kock (NN §1745A) retains the ms. reading in -inn and takes sárfeinginn with hug (m. acc. sg.) and this interpretation is also adopted here.
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive < sárfenginn (adj./verb p.p.)
[1] sárfeinginn ‘pain-stricken’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) prints sárfengin and takes it with sótt (l. 2): En smærtefuld kummer sårer herrens hyrdes sjæl ‘A painful anguish afflicts the soul of the Lord’s shepherd’. Kock (NN §1745A) retains the ms. reading in -inn and takes sárfeinginn with hug (m. acc. sg.) and this interpretation is also adopted here.
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hugr (noun m.): mind, thought, courage
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særa (verb): wound
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sótt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): illness
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hjarðreki (noun m.)
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dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
[3] *eldi ‘kindled’: Ms. ‘selldi’. Finnur Jónsson attempts to make sense of the ms. reading (Skj B: han gav glædestårer ‘he gave tears of joy’), but is then stumped by the ‘anvil’ image which follows (see Note below). Kock (NN §1745B) assumes dittography of -s s- in ms. ‘drottins selldi’ (ll. 2-3) (for dróttins eldi).
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í (prep.): in, into
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2. gegn (prep.): against
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
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2. gildr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): valued at, worth
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gleði (noun f.): joy
[4] steðja gleði tárkveiktan ‘anvil of joy, moved to tears’: Both Kahle (1898, 87, 111) and Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) read gleðitár ‘tears of joy’ as a cpd (cf. LP), but then have difficulty dealing with the words which follow. Finnur substitutes an ellipsis for kveiktan and reads glædestårer for den store ... ambolt ‘tears of joy for the great [=gildan (3)] anvil’, adding her er teksten forvansket ‘here the text is corrupt’. Kahle keeps kveiktan but admits, understandably, that he does not understand the phrase ‘the kindled anvil’. Kock (NN §1745E) is able to make sense of the passage as it stands by assuming a kenning gleði steði ‘anvil of joy, heart’, with which he compares both Egill’s hyggju staðr ‘the place of thought [MIND]’ (Egill St 2/4V) and heart-kennings of the type hugsteinn ‘thought-stone’, geðsteinn ‘mind-stone’ (cf. Meissner, 138; on stone anvils see, e.g. Eg 2003, ch. 30; Þór Magnússon 1971, 268-9). One is tempted to compare the collocation of heart, stone, and anvil at Job XLI.15 cor eius indurabitur quasi lapis et stringetur quasi malleatoris incus (Douay-Rheims: ‘His heart shall be as hard as a stone, and as firm as a smith’s anvil’), though it is impossible to prove any direct connection with this passage. With tárkveiktan ‘moved to tears’, cf. Matt. XXVI.75; Mark XIV.72; Luke XXII.62. Cf. Notes to sts 44/2-3, 45/3 below.
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tár (noun n.; °; -): tear < tárkveikja (verb)
[4] steðja gleði tárkveiktan ‘anvil of joy, moved to tears’: Both Kahle (1898, 87, 111) and Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) read gleðitár ‘tears of joy’ as a cpd (cf. LP), but then have difficulty dealing with the words which follow. Finnur substitutes an ellipsis for kveiktan and reads glædestårer for den store ... ambolt ‘tears of joy for the great [=gildan (3)] anvil’, adding her er teksten forvansket ‘here the text is corrupt’. Kahle keeps kveiktan but admits, understandably, that he does not understand the phrase ‘the kindled anvil’. Kock (NN §1745E) is able to make sense of the passage as it stands by assuming a kenning gleði steði ‘anvil of joy, heart’, with which he compares both Egill’s hyggju staðr ‘the place of thought [MIND]’ (Egill St 2/4V) and heart-kennings of the type hugsteinn ‘thought-stone’, geðsteinn ‘mind-stone’ (cf. Meissner, 138; on stone anvils see, e.g. Eg 2003, ch. 30; Þór Magnússon 1971, 268-9). One is tempted to compare the collocation of heart, stone, and anvil at Job XLI.15 cor eius indurabitur quasi lapis et stringetur quasi malleatoris incus (Douay-Rheims: ‘His heart shall be as hard as a stone, and as firm as a smith’s anvil’), though it is impossible to prove any direct connection with this passage. With tárkveiktan ‘moved to tears’, cf. Matt. XXVI.75; Mark XIV.72; Luke XXII.62. Cf. Notes to sts 44/2-3, 45/3 below.
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2. kveikja (verb): kindle < tárkveikja (verb)
[4] steðja gleði tárkveiktan ‘anvil of joy, moved to tears’: Both Kahle (1898, 87, 111) and Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) read gleðitár ‘tears of joy’ as a cpd (cf. LP), but then have difficulty dealing with the words which follow. Finnur substitutes an ellipsis for kveiktan and reads glædestårer for den store ... ambolt ‘tears of joy for the great [=gildan (3)] anvil’, adding her er teksten forvansket ‘here the text is corrupt’. Kahle keeps kveiktan but admits, understandably, that he does not understand the phrase ‘the kindled anvil’. Kock (NN §1745E) is able to make sense of the passage as it stands by assuming a kenning gleði steði ‘anvil of joy, heart’, with which he compares both Egill’s hyggju staðr ‘the place of thought [MIND]’ (Egill St 2/4V) and heart-kennings of the type hugsteinn ‘thought-stone’, geðsteinn ‘mind-stone’ (cf. Meissner, 138; on stone anvils see, e.g. Eg 2003, ch. 30; Þór Magnússon 1971, 268-9). One is tempted to compare the collocation of heart, stone, and anvil at Job XLI.15 cor eius indurabitur quasi lapis et stringetur quasi malleatoris incus (Douay-Rheims: ‘His heart shall be as hard as a stone, and as firm as a smith’s anvil’), though it is impossible to prove any direct connection with this passage. With tárkveiktan ‘moved to tears’, cf. Matt. XXVI.75; Mark XIV.72; Luke XXII.62. Cf. Notes to sts 44/2-3, 45/3 below.
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steði (noun m.; °-ja; -jar): anvil
[4] steðja gleði tárkveiktan ‘anvil of joy, moved to tears’: Both Kahle (1898, 87, 111) and Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) read gleðitár ‘tears of joy’ as a cpd (cf. LP), but then have difficulty dealing with the words which follow. Finnur substitutes an ellipsis for kveiktan and reads glædestårer for den store ... ambolt ‘tears of joy for the great [=gildan (3)] anvil’, adding her er teksten forvansket ‘here the text is corrupt’. Kahle keeps kveiktan but admits, understandably, that he does not understand the phrase ‘the kindled anvil’. Kock (NN §1745E) is able to make sense of the passage as it stands by assuming a kenning gleði steði ‘anvil of joy, heart’, with which he compares both Egill’s hyggju staðr ‘the place of thought [MIND]’ (Egill St 2/4V) and heart-kennings of the type hugsteinn ‘thought-stone’, geðsteinn ‘mind-stone’ (cf. Meissner, 138; on stone anvils see, e.g. Eg 2003, ch. 30; Þór Magnússon 1971, 268-9). One is tempted to compare the collocation of heart, stone, and anvil at Job XLI.15 cor eius indurabitur quasi lapis et stringetur quasi malleatoris incus (Douay-Rheims: ‘His heart shall be as hard as a stone, and as firm as a smith’s anvil’), though it is impossible to prove any direct connection with this passage. With tárkveiktan ‘moved to tears’, cf. Matt. XXVI.75; Mark XIV.72; Luke XXII.62. Cf. Notes to sts 44/2-3, 45/3 below.
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ást (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): love < ástkennir (noun m.)
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kennir (noun m.): teacher < ástkennir (noun m.)
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
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innan (prep.): inside, within
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1. angr (noun m.; °angrs, dat. angri/angr): grief
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hjarta (noun n.; °-; *-u): heart < hjartrót (noun f.)
[6] hjartrót*um: ‘hiartrotnum’ 621
[6] hjartrót*um ‘heart-roots’: Ms. ‘hiartrotnum’. Cf. st. 38/6 and Note. The usage is presumably a kind of locative dat. ‘in the heart-roots’ and the m.v. stangaz is presumably used in the sense ‘[grief] bores itself inside, pierces’ (cf. LP: stanga).
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1. rót (noun f.; °-ar; rǿtr): root < hjartrót (noun f.)
[6] hjartrót*um: ‘hiartrotnum’ 621
[6] hjartrót*um ‘heart-roots’: Ms. ‘hiartrotnum’. Cf. st. 38/6 and Note. The usage is presumably a kind of locative dat. ‘in the heart-roots’ and the m.v. stangaz is presumably used in the sense ‘[grief] bores itself inside, pierces’ (cf. LP: stanga).
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stanga (verb): pierce
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meistari (noun m.; °-a; -ar): master
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
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4. at (conj.): that
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mista (verb): lose
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mætr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): honoured, respected
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kinnroði (noun m.)
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gætir (noun m.): guardian
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Sárfeinginn hug særir |
Anguish afflicts the pain-stricken heart of the shepherd of the Lord [APOSTLE]; it has kindled through and through for the excellent [man] his anvil of joy [which has been] moved to tears [HEART]. Grief pierces the heart-roots of the teacher of love [APOSTLE] inwardly, because the worthy possessor of shame [HOLY MAN] has lost his master.
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