Anonymous Poems, Allra postula minnisvísur 11

Ian McDougall

notes

[1] Símón: On S. Simon the Apostle, see generally Cross and Livingstone 1983, 1276-7; Widding, Bekker-Nielsen and Shook 1963, 332; Saxtorph 1970, 295-6; Foote 1976, 170-1; Cormack 1994, 152.

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sóma ‘honour’

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sómi (noun m.; °-a): honour

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sann ‘the truly’

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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true < sannheilagr (adj.)

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heilagr ‘holy’

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heilagr (adj.; °helgan; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): holy, sacred < sannheilagr (adj.)

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í ‘in’

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í (prep.): in, into

notes

[2] í ranni ‘in the house’: Ms. ‘i roma’, perhaps due to dittography with sóma in l. 1, or simply a mechanical echo of a more familiar phrase (cf. 1/4 í Róma). No doubt in part because it is difficult to make good sense in this context of an exhortation ‘May … Simon grant us honour in Rome’, but largely to restore the requisite aðalhending, Skj B and Skald emend ms. ‘roma’ to ranni. The poet may intend to reinforce his representation of memorial toasts made in a drinking hall, cf. LP: mjǫðrann ‘mead-hall’ (Akv 9/7); or he may intend to refer to a church, cf. guðs rann ‘God’s house’ (RKet Lv 1/6^IV), Jésú rann ‘Jesus’ house’ (EGils Guðv 6/4^IV), see LP: rann; Meissner, 430, 432.

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ranni ‘the house’

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rann (noun n.): house, hall

[2] ranni: ‘roma’ 721

notes

[2] í ranni ‘in the house’: Ms. ‘i roma’, perhaps due to dittography with sóma in l. 1, or simply a mechanical echo of a more familiar phrase (cf. 1/4 í Róma). No doubt in part because it is difficult to make good sense in this context of an exhortation ‘May … Simon grant us honour in Rome’, but largely to restore the requisite aðalhending, Skj B and Skald emend ms. ‘roma’ to ranni. The poet may intend to reinforce his representation of memorial toasts made in a drinking hall, cf. LP: mjǫðrann ‘mead-hall’ (Akv 9/7); or he may intend to refer to a church, cf. guðs rann ‘God’s house’ (RKet Lv 1/6^IV), Jésú rann ‘Jesus’ house’ (EGils Guðv 6/4^IV), see LP: rann; Meissner, 430, 432.

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píndr ‘martyred’

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3. pína (verb): torture, torment

notes

[3] píndr á Persiðalandi ‘martyred in the land of Persia’: On the martyrdom of SS. Simon and Jude/Judas-Thaddaeus in ‘Persia’, cf. Festa 3/13-15: occisi sunt in Suanis civitate magna apud Persidam ‘they were martyred in Suanis, a great city in Persia’. Cf. Cross 1979, 169, for further Lat. analogues for Cynewulf’s description of the same martyrdom in land Persea ‘the land of the Persians’ (Fates of the Apostles 76 in Brooks 1961, 58). A fairly close Icel. parallel is provided by AM 764 4° 16v: Símon ok íudas uoro lagdir igegnum meþ kesiu a persida landi ‘Simon and Jude were thrust through with a halberd in the land of Persia’; cf. Holm perg 5 fol, 59vb: ꜳ Serk landi ‘in Serkland’ (Foote 1976, 155; cf. 170).

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á ‘in’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

notes

[3] píndr á Persiðalandi ‘martyred in the land of Persia’: On the martyrdom of SS. Simon and Jude/Judas-Thaddaeus in ‘Persia’, cf. Festa 3/13-15: occisi sunt in Suanis civitate magna apud Persidam ‘they were martyred in Suanis, a great city in Persia’. Cf. Cross 1979, 169, for further Lat. analogues for Cynewulf’s description of the same martyrdom in land Persea ‘the land of the Persians’ (Fates of the Apostles 76 in Brooks 1961, 58). A fairly close Icel. parallel is provided by AM 764 4° 16v: Símon ok íudas uoro lagdir igegnum meþ kesiu a persida landi ‘Simon and Jude were thrust through with a halberd in the land of Persia’; cf. Holm perg 5 fol, 59vb: ꜳ Serk landi ‘in Serkland’ (Foote 1976, 155; cf. 170).

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Persiða ‘of Persia’

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Persiða (noun f.): [Persia] < Persiðaland (noun n.)

notes

[3] píndr á Persiðalandi ‘martyred in the land of Persia’: On the martyrdom of SS. Simon and Jude/Judas-Thaddaeus in ‘Persia’, cf. Festa 3/13-15: occisi sunt in Suanis civitate magna apud Persidam ‘they were martyred in Suanis, a great city in Persia’. Cf. Cross 1979, 169, for further Lat. analogues for Cynewulf’s description of the same martyrdom in land Persea ‘the land of the Persians’ (Fates of the Apostles 76 in Brooks 1961, 58). A fairly close Icel. parallel is provided by AM 764 4° 16v: Símon ok íudas uoro lagdir igegnum meþ kesiu a persida landi ‘Simon and Jude were thrust through with a halberd in the land of Persia’; cf. Holm perg 5 fol, 59vb: ꜳ Serk landi ‘in Serkland’ (Foote 1976, 155; cf. 170).

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landi ‘the land’

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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < Persiðaland (noun n.)

notes

[3] píndr á Persiðalandi ‘martyred in the land of Persia’: On the martyrdom of SS. Simon and Jude/Judas-Thaddaeus in ‘Persia’, cf. Festa 3/13-15: occisi sunt in Suanis civitate magna apud Persidam ‘they were martyred in Suanis, a great city in Persia’. Cf. Cross 1979, 169, for further Lat. analogues for Cynewulf’s description of the same martyrdom in land Persea ‘the land of the Persians’ (Fates of the Apostles 76 in Brooks 1961, 58). A fairly close Icel. parallel is provided by AM 764 4° 16v: Símon ok íudas uoro lagdir igegnum meþ kesiu a persida landi ‘Simon and Jude were thrust through with a halberd in the land of Persia’; cf. Holm perg 5 fol, 59vb: ꜳ Serk landi ‘in Serkland’ (Foote 1976, 155; cf. 170).

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postuli ‘the Apostle’

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postuli (noun m.; °-a; -ar): apostle

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hlaðinn ‘filled’

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2. hlaða (verb): heap, pile

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af ‘with’

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af (prep.): from

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kostum ‘virtues’

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1. kostr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -i/-u): choice, food, goods, good quality

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Giekk ‘walked’

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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go

notes

[5, 6, 7] giekk dyrr dauða í blóthúsi með náðum ‘[the benevolent one] walked through the doors of death in the heathen temple in peace’: Cf. reference to the murder of SS. Simon and Jude a templorum pontificibus ‘by the high priests of the temples’ in Festa 3/13, and Holm perg 5 fol, 59vb: þeir voru pindir af blot byskupum ‘they were martyred by the heathen priests’ (Foote 1976, 155; cf. 170, and SJ¹ˣ 788-9; for further analogues, see Cross 1979, 170). On dauða dyrr see ONP: dauðadyrr, a rendering of the biblical collocation portae mortis ‘the gates of death’; cf., e.g., Ps. IX.15 de portis mortis, CVI.18 ad portas mortis.

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sá ‘who’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

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[5] sá græddi fliekka ‘who healed defects’: The rel. particle er is frequently omitted in later learned style; cf. NS §261.

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græddi ‘healed’

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grœða (verb): heal

notes

[5] sá græddi fliekka ‘who healed defects’: The rel. particle er is frequently omitted in later learned style; cf. NS §261.

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flekka ‘defects’

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flekkr (noun m.): stain, defect

notes

[5] sá græddi fliekka ‘who healed defects’: The rel. particle er is frequently omitted in later learned style; cf. NS §261.

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góð ‘The benevolent one’

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góðr (adj.): good < góðfúss (adj.)

notes

[6] góðfúss ‘the benevolent one’: The term may have the general sense ‘benevolent’; or perhaps a more literal sense ‘eager for good’ may be intended, as a pun on the traditional folk-etymological interpretation of the Apostle’s cognomen Zelotes ‘the zealot’; cf. Brev. 4/21-2: Simon Zelotis qui interpraetatur zelus ... zelo Dei fervens ‘Simon Zelotis, who signifies “zealous” ... burning with zeal for God’.

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fúss ‘’

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fúss (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): eager, willing < góðfúss (adj.)

notes

[6] góðfúss ‘the benevolent one’: The term may have the general sense ‘benevolent’; or perhaps a more literal sense ‘eager for good’ may be intended, as a pun on the traditional folk-etymological interpretation of the Apostle’s cognomen Zelotes ‘the zealot’; cf. Brev. 4/21-2: Simon Zelotis qui interpraetatur zelus ... zelo Dei fervens ‘Simon Zelotis, who signifies “zealous” ... burning with zeal for God’.

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í ‘in’

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í (prep.): in, into

notes

[5, 6, 7] giekk dyrr dauða í blóthúsi með náðum ‘[the benevolent one] walked through the doors of death in the heathen temple in peace’: Cf. reference to the murder of SS. Simon and Jude a templorum pontificibus ‘by the high priests of the temples’ in Festa 3/13, and Holm perg 5 fol, 59vb: þeir voru pindir af blot byskupum ‘they were martyred by the heathen priests’ (Foote 1976, 155; cf. 170, and SJ¹ˣ 788-9; for further analogues, see Cross 1979, 170). On dauða dyrr see ONP: dauðadyrr, a rendering of the biblical collocation portae mortis ‘the gates of death’; cf., e.g., Ps. IX.15 de portis mortis, CVI.18 ad portas mortis.

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blót ‘’

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blót (noun n.; °-s; -): sacrifice < blóthús (noun n.): sacrificial building

notes

[5, 6, 7] giekk dyrr dauða í blóthúsi með náðum ‘[the benevolent one] walked through the doors of death in the heathen temple in peace’: Cf. reference to the murder of SS. Simon and Jude a templorum pontificibus ‘by the high priests of the temples’ in Festa 3/13, and Holm perg 5 fol, 59vb: þeir voru pindir af blot byskupum ‘they were martyred by the heathen priests’ (Foote 1976, 155; cf. 170, and SJ¹ˣ 788-9; for further analogues, see Cross 1979, 170). On dauða dyrr see ONP: dauðadyrr, a rendering of the biblical collocation portae mortis ‘the gates of death’; cf., e.g., Ps. IX.15 de portis mortis, CVI.18 ad portas mortis.

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húsi ‘the heathen temple’

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hús (noun n.; °-s; -): house < blóthús (noun n.): sacrificial building

notes

[5, 6, 7] giekk dyrr dauða í blóthúsi með náðum ‘[the benevolent one] walked through the doors of death in the heathen temple in peace’: Cf. reference to the murder of SS. Simon and Jude a templorum pontificibus ‘by the high priests of the temples’ in Festa 3/13, and Holm perg 5 fol, 59vb: þeir voru pindir af blot byskupum ‘they were martyred by the heathen priests’ (Foote 1976, 155; cf. 170, and SJ¹ˣ 788-9; for further analogues, see Cross 1979, 170). On dauða dyrr see ONP: dauðadyrr, a rendering of the biblical collocation portae mortis ‘the gates of death’; cf., e.g., Ps. IX.15 de portis mortis, CVI.18 ad portas mortis.

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dauða ‘of death’

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dauði (noun m.; °-a; -ar): death

notes

[5, 6, 7] giekk dyrr dauða í blóthúsi með náðum ‘[the benevolent one] walked through the doors of death in the heathen temple in peace’: Cf. reference to the murder of SS. Simon and Jude a templorum pontificibus ‘by the high priests of the temples’ in Festa 3/13, and Holm perg 5 fol, 59vb: þeir voru pindir af blot byskupum ‘they were martyred by the heathen priests’ (Foote 1976, 155; cf. 170, and SJ¹ˣ 788-9; for further analogues, see Cross 1979, 170). On dauða dyrr see ONP: dauðadyrr, a rendering of the biblical collocation portae mortis ‘the gates of death’; cf., e.g., Ps. IX.15 de portis mortis, CVI.18 ad portas mortis.

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dyrr ‘the doors’

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1. dyrr (noun f.; °gen. dura/dyra, dat. durum/dyrum): door

notes

[5, 6, 7] giekk dyrr dauða í blóthúsi með náðum ‘[the benevolent one] walked through the doors of death in the heathen temple in peace’: Cf. reference to the murder of SS. Simon and Jude a templorum pontificibus ‘by the high priests of the temples’ in Festa 3/13, and Holm perg 5 fol, 59vb: þeir voru pindir af blot byskupum ‘they were martyred by the heathen priests’ (Foote 1976, 155; cf. 170, and SJ¹ˣ 788-9; for further analogues, see Cross 1979, 170). On dauða dyrr see ONP: dauðadyrr, a rendering of the biblical collocation portae mortis ‘the gates of death’; cf., e.g., Ps. IX.15 de portis mortis, CVI.18 ad portas mortis.

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með ‘in’

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með (prep.): with

notes

[5, 6, 7] giekk dyrr dauða í blóthúsi með náðum ‘[the benevolent one] walked through the doors of death in the heathen temple in peace’: Cf. reference to the murder of SS. Simon and Jude a templorum pontificibus ‘by the high priests of the temples’ in Festa 3/13, and Holm perg 5 fol, 59vb: þeir voru pindir af blot byskupum ‘they were martyred by the heathen priests’ (Foote 1976, 155; cf. 170, and SJ¹ˣ 788-9; for further analogues, see Cross 1979, 170). On dauða dyrr see ONP: dauðadyrr, a rendering of the biblical collocation portae mortis ‘the gates of death’; cf., e.g., Ps. IX.15 de portis mortis, CVI.18 ad portas mortis.

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náðum ‘peace’

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náð (noun f.; °-ar; náðir/náðr): grace, peace

notes

[5, 6, 7] giekk dyrr dauða í blóthúsi með náðum ‘[the benevolent one] walked through the doors of death in the heathen temple in peace’: Cf. reference to the murder of SS. Simon and Jude a templorum pontificibus ‘by the high priests of the temples’ in Festa 3/13, and Holm perg 5 fol, 59vb: þeir voru pindir af blot byskupum ‘they were martyred by the heathen priests’ (Foote 1976, 155; cf. 170, and SJ¹ˣ 788-9; for further analogues, see Cross 1979, 170). On dauða dyrr see ONP: dauðadyrr, a rendering of the biblical collocation portae mortis ‘the gates of death’; cf., e.g., Ps. IX.15 de portis mortis, CVI.18 ad portas mortis.