Anon Pét 22VII
David McDougall (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Pétrsdrápa 22’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 814-15.
Postula ‘of Apostles’
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postuli (noun m.; °-a; -ar): apostle
sveitir ‘The bands’
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sveit (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): host, company
sátu ‘sat’
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sitja (verb): sit
sínum ‘their’
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
herra ‘Lord’
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1. herra (noun m.; °herra; herrar): lord
notes
[2] herra nærri ‘Lord ... near’: Finnur (Skj B) has unattested nerri for nærri to create aðalhending with herra, but Kock (Skald) restores ms. nærri. According to Björn K. Þórólfsson 1925, xvii-xviii, [e:] very often rhymed with [æ]. Cf. ANG §§127.6, 442.2.
nærri ‘near’
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nærri (adj. comp.; °superl. nǽstr): near, nearer, next
notes
[2] herra nærri ‘Lord ... near’: Finnur (Skj B) has unattested nerri for nærri to create aðalhending with herra, but Kock (Skald) restores ms. nærri. According to Björn K. Þórólfsson 1925, xvii-xviii, [e:] very often rhymed with [æ]. Cf. ANG §§127.6, 442.2.
spurði ‘asked’
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spyrja (verb; spurði): ask; hear, find out
og ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
spejar ‘inquires’
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speja (verb): [inquires]
með ‘with’
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með (prep.): with
gerðum ‘gear’
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2. gerð (noun f.): gear
spennir ‘the clasper’
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spennir (noun m.): clasper
notes
[4] spennir tvennra harma ‘the clasper of two sorrows’: Both Kahle (1898, 110) and Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) take the phrase as a kenning for Christ, but are at a loss to explain to what it refers. Kock (NN §1723) tentatively observes that the scriptural episode in question is preceded by a complaint concerning the iniquity of the Pharisees and Sadducees (Matt. XVI.6-12) and is followed by Christ’s prediction of his Passion and death (Matt. XVI.21), but admits that apart from this, the l. is ‘somewhat obscure’. One might perhaps seek to see in the phrase a veiled allusion to the two scriptural references to Christ weeping (at Luke XIX.41 and John XI.35), or a variation on the epithet vir dolorum ‘man of sorrows’ (Isa. LIII.3-4; cf., e.g., OED: sorrow sb. 2b the Man of Sorrows). The kenning-like phrase may, however, merely fit the immediate context, and perhaps plays on the etymological sense of dubitas ‘doubt’: Christ is called a ‘bearer of two worries’ here because he is in two minds / has his doubts about the beliefs of some of his followers. (Cf., perhaps, Fritzner: tvídrœgr, tvískiptr ‘uncertain’.)
harma ‘sorrows’
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1. harmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sorrow, grief
notes
[4] spennir tvennra harma ‘the clasper of two sorrows’: Both Kahle (1898, 110) and Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) take the phrase as a kenning for Christ, but are at a loss to explain to what it refers. Kock (NN §1723) tentatively observes that the scriptural episode in question is preceded by a complaint concerning the iniquity of the Pharisees and Sadducees (Matt. XVI.6-12) and is followed by Christ’s prediction of his Passion and death (Matt. XVI.21), but admits that apart from this, the l. is ‘somewhat obscure’. One might perhaps seek to see in the phrase a veiled allusion to the two scriptural references to Christ weeping (at Luke XIX.41 and John XI.35), or a variation on the epithet vir dolorum ‘man of sorrows’ (Isa. LIII.3-4; cf., e.g., OED: sorrow sb. 2b the Man of Sorrows). The kenning-like phrase may, however, merely fit the immediate context, and perhaps plays on the etymological sense of dubitas ‘doubt’: Christ is called a ‘bearer of two worries’ here because he is in two minds / has his doubts about the beliefs of some of his followers. (Cf., perhaps, Fritzner: tvídrœgr, tvískiptr ‘uncertain’.)
tvennra ‘of two’
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tvennr (adj.): two
notes
[4] spennir tvennra harma ‘the clasper of two sorrows’: Both Kahle (1898, 110) and Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) take the phrase as a kenning for Christ, but are at a loss to explain to what it refers. Kock (NN §1723) tentatively observes that the scriptural episode in question is preceded by a complaint concerning the iniquity of the Pharisees and Sadducees (Matt. XVI.6-12) and is followed by Christ’s prediction of his Passion and death (Matt. XVI.21), but admits that apart from this, the l. is ‘somewhat obscure’. One might perhaps seek to see in the phrase a veiled allusion to the two scriptural references to Christ weeping (at Luke XIX.41 and John XI.35), or a variation on the epithet vir dolorum ‘man of sorrows’ (Isa. LIII.3-4; cf., e.g., OED: sorrow sb. 2b the Man of Sorrows). The kenning-like phrase may, however, merely fit the immediate context, and perhaps plays on the etymological sense of dubitas ‘doubt’: Christ is called a ‘bearer of two worries’ here because he is in two minds / has his doubts about the beliefs of some of his followers. (Cf., perhaps, Fritzner: tvídrœgr, tvískiptr ‘uncertain’.)
Hvern ‘Who’
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
segi ‘say’
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segja (verb): say, tell
þier ‘you’
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
mig ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
hlýrna ‘of heavenly bodies’
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hlýrn (noun n.): heavenly body, sky-light
kennings
heilagr deilir hlýrna;‘the holy ruler of heavenly bodies; ’
= God
the holy ruler of heavenly bodies; → God
heilagr ‘the holy’
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heilagr (adj.; °helgan; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): holy, sacred
kennings
heilagr deilir hlýrna;‘the holy ruler of heavenly bodies; ’
= God
the holy ruler of heavenly bodies; → God
vera ‘am’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
kvað ‘said’
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2. kveðja (verb; kvaddi): (dd) request, address, greet
deilir ‘ruler’
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deilir (noun m.): ruler, ordainer
kennings
heilagr deilir hlýrna;‘the holy ruler of heavenly bodies; ’
= God
the holy ruler of heavenly bodies; → God
eingi ‘no one’
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2. engi (pron.): no, none
að ‘to’
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
giefa ‘give’
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gefa (verb): give
til ‘to’
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til (prep.): to
yngva ‘the Lord’
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Yngvi (noun m.): Yngvi, prince
orð ‘a response’
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orð (noun n.; °-s; -): word
nema ‘except’
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2. nema (conj.): unless
Pétur ‘Peter’
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Pétr (noun m.): Peter
notes
[8] Pétur ‘Peter’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) prints desyllabified -ur to gain an extra syllable (see Note to st. 4/2). Kock (NN §1712B; Skald) instead emends ms. ‘petr’ to Pétrus. Lat. forms of the name are frequently used in the ms. (‘petrus’ 26/3, 27/1, 53/8, and especially for oblique cases: ‘petri’ 4/8, 8/4; ‘petro’ 12/4, 54/7; ‘petrum’ 51/2). But the vernacular form of the name is also regularly found for nom. acc. sg. (cf. ‘petr’ 16/3, 19/3 [acc. sg.], 25/1; ‘petr’ 34/6). At st. 37/3 where, as here, the ms. has ‘petr’ when a bisyllabic form is required, Finnur again prints Pétur, while Kock substitutes Pétrus (see Note ad loc.).
þorði ‘dared’
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þora (verb): dare
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Cf. Matt. XVI.13-16; Mark VIII.27-9; Pétr 5/24-33. — [7-8]: Cf. Pétr 5/33: sæll Petrus svaraði einn fyrir alla ‘blessed Peter answered alone for all’.
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