Anon Óldr 8I
Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Anonymous Poems, Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar 8’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1039.
Snarr ‘The swift’
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snarr (adj.): gallant, bold
kennings
Snarr mǫtuðr sárlóms‘The swift feeder of the wound-loon ’
= WARRIOR
the wound-loon → RAVEN/EAGLE
The swift feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
bar ‘bore off’
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
sigr ‘victory’
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sigr (noun m.; °sigrs/sigrar, dat. sigri; sigrar): victory
ór ‘from’
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3. ór (prep.): out of
hverri ‘every’
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
sár ‘of the wound’
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2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound < sárlómr (noun m.)
kennings
Snarr mǫtuðr sárlóms‘The swift feeder of the wound-loon ’
= WARRIOR
the wound-loon → RAVEN/EAGLE
The swift feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
notes
[2] sárlóms ‘of the wound-loon’: Lómr m. is Columbus arcticus (CVC: lómr), the Arctic loon or black-throated diver.
sár ‘of the wound’
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2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound < sárlómr (noun m.)
kennings
Snarr mǫtuðr sárlóms‘The swift feeder of the wound-loon ’
= WARRIOR
the wound-loon → RAVEN/EAGLE
The swift feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
notes
[2] sárlóms ‘of the wound-loon’: Lómr m. is Columbus arcticus (CVC: lómr), the Arctic loon or black-throated diver.
lóms ‘loon’
(not checked:)
1. lómr (noun m.): loon < sárlómr (noun m.)
kennings
Snarr mǫtuðr sárlóms‘The swift feeder of the wound-loon ’
= WARRIOR
the wound-loon → RAVEN/EAGLE
The swift feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
notes
[2] sárlóms ‘of the wound-loon’: Lómr m. is Columbus arcticus (CVC: lómr), the Arctic loon or black-throated diver.
lóms ‘loon’
(not checked:)
1. lómr (noun m.): loon < sárlómr (noun m.)
kennings
Snarr mǫtuðr sárlóms‘The swift feeder of the wound-loon ’
= WARRIOR
the wound-loon → RAVEN/EAGLE
The swift feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
notes
[2] sárlóms ‘of the wound-loon’: Lómr m. is Columbus arcticus (CVC: lómr), the Arctic loon or black-throated diver.
kennings
Snarr mǫtuðr sárlóms‘The swift feeder of the wound-loon ’
= WARRIOR
the wound-loon → RAVEN/EAGLE
The swift feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
rómu ‘clash’
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róma (noun f.): battle
hæst ‘highest’
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3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high
gekk ‘ranked’
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
hregg ‘of the storm’
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hregg (noun n.): storm < hreggbjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
randa hreggbjóðr‘storm-offerer of shields’
= WARRIOR
the storm of shields → BATTLE
the offerer of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
hregg ‘of the storm’
(not checked:)
hregg (noun n.): storm < hreggbjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
randa hreggbjóðr‘storm-offerer of shields’
= WARRIOR
the storm of shields → BATTLE
the offerer of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
bjóðr ‘the offerer’
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2. bjóðr (noun m.): inviter < hreggbjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
randa hreggbjóðr‘storm-offerer of shields’
= WARRIOR
the storm of shields → BATTLE
the offerer of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
lista ‘in skills’
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list (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): skill, art, virtue
hvar ‘whatever’
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hvar (adv.): where
lands ‘land’
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
es ‘he’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
kom ‘came to’
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
randa ‘of shields’
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rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
[4] randa: ‘rada’ Bb
kennings
randa hreggbjóðr‘storm-offerer of shields’
= WARRIOR
the storm of shields → BATTLE
the offerer of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[4] randa ‘of shields’: Emendation (see Sveinbjörn Egilsson 1832, 10) is necessary here to restore aðalhending (randa : lands) and because hreggbjóðr ‘storm-offerer’ is not in itself a complete warrior-kenning.
randa ‘of shields’
(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
[4] randa: ‘rada’ Bb
kennings
randa hreggbjóðr‘storm-offerer of shields’
= WARRIOR
the storm of shields → BATTLE
the offerer of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[4] randa ‘of shields’: Emendation (see Sveinbjörn Egilsson 1832, 10) is necessary here to restore aðalhending (randa : lands) and because hreggbjóðr ‘storm-offerer’ is not in itself a complete warrior-kenning.
Gnóg ‘plentiful’
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gnógr (adj.; °compar. gnógari/gnǿgri, superl. gnógastr/gnǿgstr): abundant
vas ‘was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
vist ‘The food’
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vist (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): abode, lodging, provisions
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
notes
[5] ok; vestan ‘and; from the west’: The two words clearly belong to different clauses, but the caesura in such a position is unusual at best (a parallel is found in SnSt Ht 15/3III). Skj B construes vel ok drengila ‘well and bravely’ together, but as Kock points out this is syntactically forced. Kock (NN §1217) favours reading ok or auk as an adv., hence ‘plentiful food was also provided most bravely’.
vestan ‘from the west’
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vestan (prep.): from the west
notes
[5] ok; vestan ‘and; from the west’: The two words clearly belong to different clauses, but the caesura in such a position is unusual at best (a parallel is found in SnSt Ht 15/3III). Skj B construes vel ok drengila ‘well and bravely’ together, but as Kock points out this is syntactically forced. Kock (NN §1217) favours reading ok or auk as an adv., hence ‘plentiful food was also provided most bravely’.
vel ‘very’
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vel (adv.): well, very
drengila ‘bravely’
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drengila (adv.): valiantly, manly
fengin ‘provided’
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
[6] fengin: fenginn Bb
notes
[6] fengin ‘provided’: See Note to st. 7/8 vápnbautinn ‘weapon-beaten’.
mærr ‘the glorious’
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2. mærr (adj.): famous
áðr ‘before’
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áðr (adv.; °//): before
mildingr ‘prince’
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mildingr (noun m.; °-s): ruler, generous one
fœri ‘travelled’
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fara (verb; ferr, fór, fóru, farinn): go, travel
marg ‘very’
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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many < margspakr (adj.): sagacious, very wise
notes
[8] margspakr ‘very wise’: Ms. ‘margspaín’, read as margspáinn (Gullberg 1875), would mean ‘much-prophesying’, qualifying mildingr ‘prince’, i.e. Óláfr. However, since prophecy was regarded with suspicion by most Christian writers, this seems unlikely, as does (with slight emendation) margspám vargi ‘to the very foresightful wolf’ (Sveinbjörn Egilsson 1832, 10, 20). The better solution therefore seems emendation to margspakr ‘very wise’ (so Skj B; Skald). The reading ‘spaín’ could have been influenced by the (also corrupt) ‘graín’.
spakr ‘wise’
(not checked:)
spakr (adj.): quiet, gentle, wise < margspakr (adj.): sagacious, very wise
[8] ‑spakr: ‘‑spaín’ Bb
notes
[8] margspakr ‘very wise’: Ms. ‘margspaín’, read as margspáinn (Gullberg 1875), would mean ‘much-prophesying’, qualifying mildingr ‘prince’, i.e. Óláfr. However, since prophecy was regarded with suspicion by most Christian writers, this seems unlikely, as does (with slight emendation) margspám vargi ‘to the very foresightful wolf’ (Sveinbjörn Egilsson 1832, 10, 20). The better solution therefore seems emendation to margspakr ‘very wise’ (so Skj B; Skald). The reading ‘spaín’ could have been influenced by the (also corrupt) ‘graín’.
notes
[8] grôum ‘grey’: The emendation, adopted by previous eds, is minor if ms. ‘graín’ is assumed to be an error for ‘gram’, normalised grôum, caused by confusion of ‘m’ and ‘in’; cf. ‘ofaín’ for ófôum in st. 21/4. — [8] margspakr ‘very wise’: Ms. ‘margspaín’, read as margspáinn (Gullberg 1875), would mean ‘much-prophesying’, qualifying mildingr ‘prince’, i.e. Óláfr. However, since prophecy was regarded with suspicion by most Christian writers, this seems unlikely, as does (with slight emendation) margspám vargi ‘to the very foresightful wolf’ (Sveinbjörn Egilsson 1832, 10, 20). The better solution therefore seems emendation to margspakr ‘very wise’ (so Skj B; Skald). The reading ‘spaín’ could have been influenced by the (also corrupt) ‘graín’.
notes
[8] grôum ‘grey’: The emendation, adopted by previous eds, is minor if ms. ‘graín’ is assumed to be an error for ‘gram’, normalised grôum, caused by confusion of ‘m’ and ‘in’; cf. ‘ofaín’ for ófôum in st. 21/4. — [8] margspakr ‘very wise’: Ms. ‘margspaín’, read as margspáinn (Gullberg 1875), would mean ‘much-prophesying’, qualifying mildingr ‘prince’, i.e. Óláfr. However, since prophecy was regarded with suspicion by most Christian writers, this seems unlikely, as does (with slight emendation) margspám vargi ‘to the very foresightful wolf’ (Sveinbjörn Egilsson 1832, 10, 20). The better solution therefore seems emendation to margspakr ‘very wise’ (so Skj B; Skald). The reading ‘spaín’ could have been influenced by the (also corrupt) ‘graín’.
vargi ‘wolf’
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vargr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): wolf
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
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Snarr bar sigr ór hverri |
The swift feeder of the wound-loon [RAVEN/EAGLE > WARRIOR] bore off victory from every clash; the offerer of the storm of shields [(lit. ‘storm-offerer of shields’) BATTLE > WARRIOR] ranked highest in skills, whatever land he came to. The food was plentiful and very bravely provided for the grey wolf before the glorious, very wise prince travelled from the west.
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