Anonymous Poems, Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar 28

Kate Heslop

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Anon Óldr 28^I

Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Anonymous Poems, Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar 28’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1059.

Anonymous Poems Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar

27 28

[3] hæsta: ‘hesti’ Bb

notes

[3] hæsta ‘the highest’: Ms. ‘hesti’ appears to be the weak m. nom. sg. form of the sup. adj. hæstr ‘highest’ (the dat. sg. of hestr m. ‘horse’ can be discounted). As such there is no noun in the helmingr that it can modify, so emendation is necessary. The syntactic parallelism with stað bjartan ‘illustrious place’ suggests it should be taken with hlíf f. acc. sg. ‘protection’.

hlíf ‘protection’

(not checked:)
hlíf (noun f.; °-ar; -ar): shield, defence

þjóð ‘of this mighty’

(not checked:)
þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people < þjóðkonungr (noun m.): mighty king

notes

[4] þjóðkonungs ‘of … mighty king’: A minor emendation of ms. þjóðkonungr (nom. sg.) so as to agree with þess (gen. sg.) ‘of this’.

konungs ‘ king’

(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king < þjóðkonungr (noun m.): mighty king

[4] ‑konungs: ‑konungr Bb

notes

[4] þjóðkonungs ‘of … mighty king’: A minor emendation of ms. þjóðkonungr (nom. sg.) so as to agree with þess (gen. sg.) ‘of this’.

lífi ‘life’

(not checked:)
líf (noun n.; °-s; -): life

þvít ‘because’

(not checked:)
þvít (conj.): because, since

ský ‘of cloud’

(not checked:)
ský (noun n.; °-s; -): cloud < skýrann (noun n.): cloud-hall

[5] skýranna*: ‘skyr(ru)nar’(?) Bb

kennings

víðu tjaldi skýranna*.
‘the wide awning of cloud-halls.’
= SKY
the wide awning of cloud-halls. → SKY

notes

[5] skýranna* ‘of cloud-halls’: (a) The ms. has a superscript mark above ‘r’ which is unclear, but probably signifies <rv>, hence ‘skyrrvnar’. Skj B’s emendation to skýranna (n. gen. pl.) ‘of cloud-halls’ is adopted here. It gives a sky-kenning of a well-attested type (Meissner 105-6), though overdetermined, since skýrann ‘cloud-hall’ alone is a sky-kenning (as in Arn Þorfdr 5/8^II), making tjald n. ‘tent, awning’ redundant. Tjald could therefore be treated as a metaphorical gen. element rather than part of the kenning. Alternatively, skýrǫnn could possibly be taken as a kenning for ‘air’ which combines with tjald to form the sky-kenning, but it is not comparable with the attested air-kennings (Meissner 108). (b) The alternative emendations proposed by Gullberg (1875) and by Kock (Skald; NN §2118) lack parallels and are unconvincing. (c) A further alternative is minimal emendation to skírrunnar (m. nom. pl.) ‘shield-trees’. The adj. skírr ‘bright’ appears as a shield-heiti (i.e. ‘bright one’) in Þul Skjaldar 2/8^III and in HólmgB Lv 14/5^V (Korm 50) skírviðr ‘shield-tree’, but there are no other apostrophes in the poem, and this solution would leave another of the helmingr’s kennings incomplete.

ranna* ‘halls’

(not checked:)
rann (noun n.): house, hall < skýrann (noun n.): cloud-hall

[5] skýranna*: ‘skyr(ru)nar’(?) Bb

kennings

víðu tjaldi skýranna*.
‘the wide awning of cloud-halls.’
= SKY
the wide awning of cloud-halls. → SKY

notes

skreytir ‘an adorner’

(not checked:)
skreytir (noun m.): adorner

[5] skreytir: ‘skrytir’ Bb

kennings

skreytir skíðs láðs vǫgnu
‘an adorner of the ski of the land of the orca ’
= SEAFARER
the land of the orca → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
an adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER

skíðs ‘of the ski’

(not checked:)
skíð (noun n.; °; -): ski

kennings

skreytir skíðs láðs vǫgnu
‘an adorner of the ski of the land of the orca ’
= SEAFARER
the land of the orca → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
an adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER

skíðs ‘of the ski’

(not checked:)
skíð (noun n.; °; -): ski

kennings

skreytir skíðs láðs vǫgnu
‘an adorner of the ski of the land of the orca ’
= SEAFARER
the land of the orca → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
an adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER

Ôleifi ‘Óláfr’

(not checked:)
Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr

fríðri ‘finer than’

(not checked:)
fríðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): beautiful, fair

vǫgnu ‘of the orca’

(not checked:)
vagna (noun f.; °*-u): killer whale, orca

kennings

skreytir skíðs láðs vǫgnu
‘an adorner of the ski of the land of the orca ’
= SEAFARER
the land of the orca → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
an adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER

vǫgnu ‘of the orca’

(not checked:)
vagna (noun f.; °*-u): killer whale, orca

kennings

skreytir skíðs láðs vǫgnu
‘an adorner of the ski of the land of the orca ’
= SEAFARER
the land of the orca → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
an adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER

vǫgnu ‘of the orca’

(not checked:)
vagna (noun f.; °*-u): killer whale, orca

kennings

skreytir skíðs láðs vǫgnu
‘an adorner of the ski of the land of the orca ’
= SEAFARER
the land of the orca → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
an adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER

láðs ‘of the land’

(not checked:)
2. láð (noun n.): earth, land

kennings

skreytir skíðs láðs vǫgnu
‘an adorner of the ski of the land of the orca ’
= SEAFARER
the land of the orca → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
an adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER

láðs ‘of the land’

(not checked:)
2. láð (noun n.): earth, land

kennings

skreytir skíðs láðs vǫgnu
‘an adorner of the ski of the land of the orca ’
= SEAFARER
the land of the orca → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
an adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER

láðs ‘of the land’

(not checked:)
2. láð (noun n.): earth, land

kennings

skreytir skíðs láðs vǫgnu
‘an adorner of the ski of the land of the orca ’
= SEAFARER
the land of the orca → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
an adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER

und ‘under’

(not checked:)
3. und (prep.): under, underneath

víðu ‘the wide’

(not checked:)
víðr (adj.): far

kennings

víðu tjaldi skýranna*.
‘the wide awning of cloud-halls.’
= SKY
the wide awning of cloud-halls. → SKY

verðr ‘be’

(not checked:)
1. verða (verb): become, be

aldrigi ‘will never’

(not checked:)
aldrigi (adv.): never

tjaldi ‘awning’

(not checked:)
tjald (noun n.; °-s; *-): tent, awning

kennings

víðu tjaldi skýranna*.
‘the wide awning of cloud-halls.’
= SKY
the wide awning of cloud-halls. → SKY

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

Prayers for the soul of the dedicatee are common in the closing verses of Christian encomia (Fidjestøl 1982, 186-90; Edwards 1982-3, 38-40; Fidjestøl 1993b, 105).

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Anon Óldr 28I

Veit ‘give’

þess ‘who’

s ‘’

víða ‘our’

bœtti ‘reformed’

várt ‘far and wide’

eðli ‘nature’

stað ‘place’

bjartan ‘an illustrious’

heilagr ‘Holy’

Kristr ‘Christ’

ok ‘and’

hæsta ‘the highest’

notes

hlíf ‘protection’

þjóð ‘of this mighty’

notes

konungs ‘ king’

notes

lífi ‘life’

þvít ‘because’

ský ‘of cloud’

kennings

notes

ranna* ‘halls’

kennings

notes

skreytir ‘an adorner’

kennings

skíðs ‘of the ski’

kennings

skíðs ‘of the ski’

kennings

Ôleifi ‘Óláfr’

fríðri ‘finer than’

vǫgnu ‘of the orca’

kennings

vǫgnu ‘of the orca’

kennings

vǫgnu ‘of the orca’

kennings

láðs ‘of the land’

kennings

láðs ‘of the land’

kennings

láðs ‘of the land’

kennings

und ‘under’

víðu ‘the wide’

kennings

verðr ‘be’

aldrigi ‘will never’

tjaldi ‘awning’

kennings

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Anon Óldr 28^I