Anon Óldr 22I
Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Anonymous Poems, Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar 22’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1053.
Skaut ‘cast’
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skjóta (verb): shoot
á ‘on’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
grœnt ‘the green’
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2. grœnn (adj.; °superl. grǿnastr/grǿnstr): green
með ‘with’
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með (prep.): with
grjóti ‘gravel’
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grjót (noun n.): rock, stone
grár ‘The grey’
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grár (adj.; °gráan/grán): grey
ægir ‘ocean’
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2. ægir (noun m.): ocean, sea
ná ‘corpse’
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nár (noun m.; °-s; -ir): corpse
sôrum ‘a wounded’
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2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound
lôgu ‘lay’
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liggja (verb): lie
liðs ‘household’
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lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop < liðsmaðr (noun m.): liegeman
menn ‘troops’
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maðr (noun m.): man, person < liðsmaðr (noun m.): liegeman
bjúgir ‘twisted’
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bjúgr (adj.; °compar. -ari): bent
land ‘land’
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
sem ‘like’
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sem (conj.): as, which
brúk ‘heaps of seaweed’
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brúk (noun n.; °; dat. -um): pile of seaweed
of ‘across’
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3. of (prep.): around, from; too
strandir ‘the beaches’
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strǫnd (noun f.; °strandar, dat. -u/-; strandir/strendr): beach, shore
En ‘And’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
fjaðr ‘feather’
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fjǫðr (noun f.): feather < fjaðrdøkkr (adj.)
døkkum ‘dark’
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døkkr (adj.; °-van; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri, superl. -vastr/-astr): dark < fjaðrdøkkr (adj.)
[5] ‑døkkum: ‘deckvm’ Bb
flokkum ‘flocks’
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flokkr (noun m.): group, flock
flugu ‘flew’
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fljúga (verb): fly
hrafns ‘of the raven’
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hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven
kennings
nafnar hrafns‘the namesakes of the raven ’
= RAVENS
the namesakes of the raven → RAVENS
at ‘after’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
notes
[6] at þat ‘after that’: Previous eds make the minor emendation to at þar ‘there, to that place’, presumably to complement flugu ‘flew’, but the construction is questionable, whereas temporal at þat ‘at that, after that’ is well attested (LP: 1. at B).
þat ‘that’
notes
[6] at þat ‘after that’: Previous eds make the minor emendation to at þar ‘there, to that place’, presumably to complement flugu ‘flew’, but the construction is questionable, whereas temporal at þat ‘at that, after that’ is well attested (LP: 1. at B).
nafnar ‘the namesakes’
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nafni (noun m.; °-a; -ar): namesake
kennings
nafnar hrafns‘the namesakes of the raven ’
= RAVENS
the namesakes of the raven → RAVENS
skygnum ‘for the sharp-sighted’
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skyggn (adj.): clear, sharp-sighted
kennings
skygnum skœðasǫgnum skógs.‘for the sharp-sighted harm-crew of the forest.’
= WOLVES
for the sharp-sighted harm-crew of the forest. → WOLVES
skœða ‘harm’
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skœði (noun n.; °; -): [harm] < skœðasǫgn (noun f.)
[7] skœða‑: ‘skeda’ Bb
kennings
skygnum skœðasǫgnum skógs.‘for the sharp-sighted harm-crew of the forest.’
= WOLVES
for the sharp-sighted harm-crew of the forest. → WOLVES
sǫgnum ‘crew’
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sǫgn (noun f.; °sagnar; sagnir): narrative, message; troop, men < skœðasǫgn (noun f.)
kennings
skygnum skœðasǫgnum skógs.‘for the sharp-sighted harm-crew of the forest.’
= WOLVES
for the sharp-sighted harm-crew of the forest. → WOLVES
skógs ‘of the forest’
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skógr (noun m.; °-ar/-s, dat. -i; -ar): forest
kennings
skygnum skœðasǫgnum skógs.‘for the sharp-sighted harm-crew of the forest.’
= WOLVES
for the sharp-sighted harm-crew of the forest. → WOLVES
notes
[8] fang ‘prey’: Finnur Jónsson’s emendation (Skj B). The line has only five syllables in the ms., and other eds emend to various forms of hangi m. ‘hanged man’. Kock (NN §2548) argues this is an Óðinn-name, Hangi ‘hanged one’, and the base-word of a man-kenning, while Gullberg (1875) emends the second and third words in this line to már hanga ‘gull of the hanged man [RAVEN]’. But the new ms. reading ‘giar’ (see following Note) suggests the third word in l. 8 begins with <g>.
notes
[8] gerðisk ‘made’: A broken stroke under the initial letter in the ms. is probably the bottom stroke of a <g>, though now damaged and hard to read, rather than an inversion mark as proposed in Skj A. The ms. thus has ‘giar’. This reading must be corrupt, as the metre requires a disyllable. It is possible that ‘giar’ is an abbreviation or mistake for gerðisk ‘made’ (inf. gera), which satisfies metre and sense and requires no further emendation. The placing of the verb is unusual by skaldic standards, but not by the standards of the poem (see Introduction). Skj B emends to vas ‘was’ rather than gerðisk, and reads skógar rather than skógs, which yields the necessary disyllable.
þangat ‘there’
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þangat (adv.): there, thither
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
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Skaut á grœnt með grjóti |
The grey ocean cast a wounded corpse up with gravel on the green land; household troops lay twisted like heaps of seaweed across the beaches. And the namesakes of the raven [RAVENS] flew after that in feather-dark flocks; prey was produced there for the sharp-sighted harm-crew of the forest [WOLVES].
[1-4]: Bodies floating ashore after a sea-battle is a conventional skaldic topos; further examples are collected in NN §2522.
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