Anon Óldr 21I
Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Anonymous Poems, Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar 21’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1052.
Gladdr ‘gladdened’
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gleðja (verb): gladden, rejoice
sté ‘stepped’
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stíga (verb): step
jarl ‘The jarl’
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jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl
á ‘aboard’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
eyddan ‘the cleared’
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2. eyða (verb; °-dd-): destroy
él ‘the blizzard’
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él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm
kennings
él vigra‘the blizzard of spears ’
= BATTLE
the blizzard of spears → BATTLE
vigra ‘of spears’
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3. vigr (noun f.): spear
kennings
él vigra‘the blizzard of spears ’
= BATTLE
the blizzard of spears → BATTLE
þraut ‘ceased’
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þrjóta (verb; str. 2; þrýtr, þraut, þrutu, þrotinn): end, fail
sigri ‘by victory’
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sigr (noun m.; °sigrs/sigrar, dat. sigri; sigrar): victory
grimmr ‘cruel’
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grimmr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): fierce
[3] grimmr: ‘grimr’ Bb
notes
[3] grimmr ‘cruel’: The ms. seems to have Grímr, an Óðinn-name, but this makes no sense in the context. Here the single m could be a scribal attempt to regularise the hending, though rhymes of unequal quantity (grimm- : fram-) are in fact quite common in the skaldic corpus (Gade 1995a, 6). See also Note to st. 5/3 ár on single/double consonant spellings in Bb.
með ‘with’
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með (prep.): with
gengi ‘company’
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gengi (noun n.): support, following
framligt ‘a fine’
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framligr (adj.): outstanding, fine
Grábak ‘Grábak (‘Grey-back’)’
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grábakr (noun m.): Grey-back
móins ‘of the viper’
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Mór (noun m.): serpent
kennings
*akri móins,‘to the field of the viper, ’
= GOLD
to the field of the viper, → GOLD
*akri ‘to the field’
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akr (noun m.; °akrs, dat. akri; akrar): field
[4] *akri: ‘vakra’ Bb
kennings
*akri móins,‘to the field of the viper, ’
= GOLD
to the field of the viper, → GOLD
notes
[4] *akri ‘to the field’: All previous eds emend ms. ‘vakra’, either to akri, dat. sg. of akr ‘(cultivated) field’, or akra gen. pl. (Sveinbjörn Egilsson 1832, 15). Akra is a smaller emendation, but grimmr ‘cruel’ usually takes a dat. object. ‘Vakra’ could be an inflected form of the adj. vakr ‘nimble’, but no noun in the helmingr is in grammatical agreement with it; or of the horse-name Vakr, but it is difficult to see how this would work in the context.
Lét ‘had’
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
notes
[5] ófôum ‘not a few’: Gullberg (1875) takes ms. ófáin as an unattested adj. (f. nom. sg. or n. nom./acc.) ‘uncoloured, dull’ (following the gloss ‘pale, white’ in CVC: fáinn), cf. the p. p. fáinn ‘garish’ (Fritzner: fáinn). This is certainly a lectio difficilior in comparison to ófôum ‘not a few’, and it chimes with the colourful description of the corpses in the following stanza, but it cannot modify dauðum hal (dat. sg.) ‘dead man’ (translated as pl. above in accordance with English idiom) or anything else in the helmingr .
kennings
ýtis elds lauðar‘of the impeller of the fire of the draw-plate ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the fire of the draw-plate → GOLD
the impeller of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[5] ýtis ‘of the impeller’: A minor emendation, necessary since ms. ýtir (m. nom. sg.) would be a syntactically impossible additional subject for the helmingr’s single finite verb, lét ‘had’. — [6] lauðar ‘of the draw-plate’: Two etymologies have been proposed for lauð f., according to which it is either a hardened metal plate pierced with graduated holes for the drawing of wires, or a metallurgist’s melting-pot (see ÍO: lauð 1); lauð is given as a possible determinant of a gold-kenning in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 61, II, 342).
elds ‘of the fire’
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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire
kennings
ýtis elds lauðar‘of the impeller of the fire of the draw-plate ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the fire of the draw-plate → GOLD
the impeller of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
elds ‘of the fire’
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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire
kennings
ýtis elds lauðar‘of the impeller of the fire of the draw-plate ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the fire of the draw-plate → GOLD
the impeller of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
lauðar ‘of the draw-plate’
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lauð (noun f.; °-ar): [furnace]
kennings
ýtis elds lauðar‘of the impeller of the fire of the draw-plate ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the fire of the draw-plate → GOLD
the impeller of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
lauðar ‘of the draw-plate’
(not checked:)
lauð (noun f.; °-ar): [furnace]
kennings
ýtis elds lauðar‘of the impeller of the fire of the draw-plate ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the fire of the draw-plate → GOLD
the impeller of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
hal ‘men’
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halr (noun m.; °-s): man
dauðum ‘dead’
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2. dauðr (adj.): dead
vitr ‘The wise’
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vitr (adj.): wise
af ‘off’
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af (prep.): from
Vánar ‘of Ván’
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Ván (noun f.): Ván
kennings
otrum Vánar‘the otters of Ván ’
= SHIPS
the otters of Ván → SHIPS
otrum ‘the otters’
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otr (noun m.; °; otrar): otter
kennings
otrum Vánar‘the otters of Ván ’
= SHIPS
the otters of Ván → SHIPS
verðung ‘troop’
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verðung (noun f.): troop, retinue
á ‘into’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
notes
[8] k*af ‘the deep’: In the ms. a superscript abbreviation for <vi> or <ri> follows <k>, but ‘kviaf/kriaf’ is meaningless and unmetrical, and the emendation to kaf n. obvious and traditional.
slungit ‘slung’
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3. sløngva (verb): cast, sling
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Gladdr sté jarl á eyddan |
The jarl [Eiríkr], gladdened by victory, cruel to the field of the viper [GOLD], stepped aboard the cleared Grábak (‘Grey-back’) with a fine company; the blizzard of spears [BATTLE] ceased. The wise troop of the impeller of the fire of the draw-plate [GOLD > GENEROUS MAN] had not a few dead men slung off the otters of Ván <river> [SHIPS] into the deep.
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