Anon Óldr 18I
Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Anonymous Poems, Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar 18’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1049.
Firrði ‘removed’
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2. firra (verb): keep (from), remove
hjǫrr ‘Sword’
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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
við ‘from’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
herðar ‘shoulders’
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herðr (noun f.; °-ar(Thom² 447¹³); -ar): shoulder
haus ‘skull’
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hauss (noun m.; °hauss, dat. hausi/haus; hausar): skull
sagði ‘pronounced’
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segja (verb): say, tell
frið ‘peace’
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friðr (noun m.): peace
lausan ‘over’
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lauss (adj.; °compar. lausari): loose, free, without
dylgju ‘of enmity’
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dylgja (noun f.; °; -ur): hostility
kennings
it dýra reyr dylgju‘the precious reed of enmity ’
= SPEAR
the precious reed of enmity → SPEAR
reyr ‘reed’
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2. reyr (noun n.): reed
kennings
it dýra reyr dylgju‘the precious reed of enmity ’
= SPEAR
the precious reed of enmity → SPEAR
it ‘the’
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2. inn (art.): the
kennings
it dýra reyr dylgju‘the precious reed of enmity ’
= SPEAR
the precious reed of enmity → SPEAR
dýra ‘precious’
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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious
kennings
it dýra reyr dylgju‘the precious reed of enmity ’
= SPEAR
the precious reed of enmity → SPEAR
drósk ‘was drawn’
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2. draga (verb; °dregr; dró, drógu; dreginn/droget(Hirð NKS 1642 4° 146v²⁹; cf. [$962$])): drag, pull, draw
almr ‘the bow’
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almr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): bow, elm-bow
fyr ‘before’
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
notes
[4] fyr hjalmi grams ‘before the lord’s helmet’: The image is rather odd. Skj B (followed in Skald) reads sagði lausan frið hjalmi ‘declared peace was over for the helmet’, which has a possible parallel in HSt Rst 16/2 friðr vasa rít at líta ‘peace was not to be seen for the shield’. However, this entails emending to fyr gram ‘before the lord’.
grams ‘the lord’s’
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
notes
[4] fyr hjalmi grams ‘before the lord’s helmet’: The image is rather odd. Skj B (followed in Skald) reads sagði lausan frið hjalmi ‘declared peace was over for the helmet’, which has a possible parallel in HSt Rst 16/2 friðr vasa rít at líta ‘peace was not to be seen for the shield’. However, this entails emending to fyr gram ‘before the lord’.
hjalmi ‘helmet’
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1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet
notes
[4] fyr hjalmi grams ‘before the lord’s helmet’: The image is rather odd. Skj B (followed in Skald) reads sagði lausan frið hjalmi ‘declared peace was over for the helmet’, which has a possible parallel in HSt Rst 16/2 friðr vasa rít at líta ‘peace was not to be seen for the shield’. However, this entails emending to fyr gram ‘before the lord’.
Norn ‘The norn’
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norn (noun f.; °; -ir): norn
kennings
Norn skjaldar‘The norn of the shield ’
= AXE
The norn of the shield → AXE
notes
[5, 6] norn skjaldar ‘the norn of the shield [AXE]’: This is the sole example of norn ‘fate, weird sister’ as a base-word to an axe-kenning. Usually these kennings are based on words for, or names of, giantesses or troll-women (see Meissner 148). Hfr Lv 10/4V (Hallfr 13) suggests that to a Christian convert, at least, the norns were also baleful, and so could have been a suitable equivalent for these malevolent supernatural females.
kom ‘came’
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
flærð ‘deceit’
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flærð (noun f.): falsehood, deceit
kennings
flærð fjǫrnis;‘deceit of the helmet; ’
= BATTLE
deceit of the helmet; → BATTLE
notes
[5] flærð fjǫrnis ‘deceit of the helmet [BATTLE]’: The base-word of this battle-kenning is unusual, but cf. Kári Lv 4/6V (Nj 49) malmróg ‘metal-slander’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B), followed by Kock (Skald), reads norn skjaldar kom flærð at fjǫrni ‘the norn of the shield brought ruin to the helmet’, but this requires emendation of fjǫrnis to fjǫrni and an apparently unparalleled sense of flærð f., which is normally ‘deceit, falsehood, sin’.
at ‘to’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
fjǫrnis ‘of the helmet’
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fjǫrnir (noun m.): helmet
kennings
flærð fjǫrnis;‘deceit of the helmet; ’
= BATTLE
deceit of the helmet; → BATTLE
notes
[5] flærð fjǫrnis ‘deceit of the helmet [BATTLE]’: The base-word of this battle-kenning is unusual, but cf. Kári Lv 4/6V (Nj 49) malmróg ‘metal-slander’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B), followed by Kock (Skald), reads norn skjaldar kom flærð at fjǫrni ‘the norn of the shield brought ruin to the helmet’, but this requires emendation of fjǫrnis to fjǫrni and an apparently unparalleled sense of flærð f., which is normally ‘deceit, falsehood, sin’.
folk ‘the battle’
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folk (noun n.): people < folktjald (noun n.): [battle-tent]
kennings
folktjald;‘the battle-tent; ’
= SHIELD
the battle-tent; → SHIELD
tjald ‘tent’
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tjald (noun n.; °-s; *-): tent, awning < folktjald (noun n.): [battle-tent]
kennings
folktjald;‘the battle-tent; ’
= SHIELD
the battle-tent; → SHIELD
rufu ‘ripped’
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rjúfa (verb): break
skjaldar ‘of the shield’
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skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield
[6] skjaldar: ‘skialldir’ Bb
kennings
Norn skjaldar‘The norn of the shield ’
= AXE
The norn of the shield → AXE
notes
[5, 6] norn skjaldar ‘the norn of the shield [AXE]’: This is the sole example of norn ‘fate, weird sister’ as a base-word to an axe-kenning. Usually these kennings are based on words for, or names of, giantesses or troll-women (see Meissner 148). Hfr Lv 10/4V (Hallfr 13) suggests that to a Christian convert, at least, the norns were also baleful, and so could have been a suitable equivalent for these malevolent supernatural females. — [6] skjaldar ‘of the shield’: The ms. reading appears to be a corruption of an inflected form of skjǫldr m. ‘shield’, and the context and need for aðalhending suggest gen. sg. skjaldar rather than nom. pl. skildir.
skjaldar ‘of the shield’
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skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield
[6] skjaldar: ‘skialldir’ Bb
kennings
Norn skjaldar‘The norn of the shield ’
= AXE
The norn of the shield → AXE
notes
[5, 6] norn skjaldar ‘the norn of the shield [AXE]’: This is the sole example of norn ‘fate, weird sister’ as a base-word to an axe-kenning. Usually these kennings are based on words for, or names of, giantesses or troll-women (see Meissner 148). Hfr Lv 10/4V (Hallfr 13) suggests that to a Christian convert, at least, the norns were also baleful, and so could have been a suitable equivalent for these malevolent supernatural females. — [6] skjaldar ‘of the shield’: The ms. reading appears to be a corruption of an inflected form of skjǫldr m. ‘shield’, and the context and need for aðalhending suggest gen. sg. skjaldar rather than nom. pl. skildir.
sôr ‘wounds’
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sárr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): sore, painful; wounded
frák ‘I have heard that’
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1. fregna (verb): hear of
snǫrpum ‘on keen’
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snarpr (adj.): sharp, keen
dreyra ‘bled’
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dreyra (verb; °-rð-): bleed
seggjum ‘warriors’
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seggr (noun m.; °; -ir): man
langbarðs ‘the edges’
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langbarðr (noun m.; °; -ar)
notes
[8] langbarðs ‘of the sword’: The sword-heiti langbarðr ‘long-beard’ may be a reference to swords made in Lombardy. See further Note to Eyv Hák 7/3.
eggjar ‘of the sword’
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1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Sword removed skull from shoulders; the precious reed of enmity [SPEAR] pronounced peace over; the bow was drawn before the lord’s helmet. The norn of the shield [AXE] came to deceit of the helmet [BATTLE]; the edges of the sword ripped the battle-tent [SHIELD]; I have heard that wounds bled on keen warriors.
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