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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Anon Óldr 16^I

Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Anonymous Poems, Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar 16’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1048.

Anonymous Poems Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar

Hrein ‘of the reindeer’

(not checked:)
1. hreinn (noun m.; °; hreinar): reindeer < hreinbyggvir (noun m.)

kennings

Hrófs hreinbyggvir,
‘reindeer-occupant of the boatshed’
= SEAFARER
the reindeer of the boatshed, → SHIP
The occupant of the SHIP → SEAFARER

Hrein ‘of the reindeer’

(not checked:)
1. hreinn (noun m.; °; hreinar): reindeer < hreinbyggvir (noun m.)

kennings

Hrófs hreinbyggvir,
‘reindeer-occupant of the boatshed’
= SEAFARER
the reindeer of the boatshed, → SHIP
The occupant of the SHIP → SEAFARER

byggvir ‘The occupant’

(not checked:)
byggvir (noun m.): dweller < hreinbyggvir (noun m.)

kennings

Hrófs hreinbyggvir,
‘reindeer-occupant of the boatshed’
= SEAFARER
the reindeer of the boatshed, → SHIP
The occupant of the SHIP → SEAFARER

lét ‘had’

(not checked:)
láta (verb): let, have sth done

hǫggva ‘chopped’

(not checked:)
hǫggva (verb): to strike, put to death, cut, hew

hrófs ‘of the boatshed’

(not checked:)
hróf (noun n.; °-s;): boat-shed

kennings

Hrófs hreinbyggvir,
‘reindeer-occupant of the boatshed’
= SEAFARER
the reindeer of the boatshed, → SHIP
The occupant of the SHIP → SEAFARER

hrófs ‘of the boatshed’

(not checked:)
hróf (noun n.; °-s;): boat-shed

kennings

Hrófs hreinbyggvir,
‘reindeer-occupant of the boatshed’
= SEAFARER
the reindeer of the boatshed, → SHIP
The occupant of the SHIP → SEAFARER

af ‘off’

(not checked:)
af (prep.): from

mǫrgum ‘many a’

(not checked:)
2. margr (adj.; °-an): many

þjófi ‘thief’

(not checked:)
þjófr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): thief

hinns ‘the one’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

of ‘’

(not checked:)
3. of (prep.): around, from; too

hvert ‘every’

(not checked:)
2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every

ráð ‘state of life’

(not checked:)
ráð (noun n.; °-s; -): advice, plan, control, power

kunni ‘who could’

(not checked:)
kunna (verb): know, can, be able

hendr ‘hands’

(not checked:)
hǫnd (noun f.; °handar, dat. hendi; hendr (hendir StatPáll³ 752¹²)): hand

eða ‘or’

(not checked:)
eða (conj.): or

fœtr ‘feet’

(not checked:)
1. fótr (noun m.): foot, leg

at ‘’

(not checked:)
5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)

bœta ‘reform’

(not checked:)
bœta (verb; °-tt-): better, emend, compensate

Horvetna ‘Everywhere’

lét ‘had’

(not checked:)
láta (verb): let, have sth done

hjǫrva ‘of swords’

(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword

kennings

hjǫrva hríðeflǫndum,
‘storm-strengtheners of swords’
= WARRIORS
the storm of swords → BATTLE
for strengtheners of the BATTLE → WARRIORS

hjǫrva ‘of swords’

(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword

kennings

hjǫrva hríðeflǫndum,
‘storm-strengtheners of swords’
= WARRIORS
the storm of swords → BATTLE
for strengtheners of the BATTLE → WARRIORS

hríð ‘of the storm’

(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm < hríðeflandi (noun m.)

kennings

hjǫrva hríðeflǫndum,
‘storm-strengtheners of swords’
= WARRIORS
the storm of swords → BATTLE
for strengtheners of the BATTLE → WARRIORS

hríð ‘of the storm’

(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm < hríðeflandi (noun m.)

kennings

hjǫrva hríðeflǫndum,
‘storm-strengtheners of swords’
= WARRIORS
the storm of swords → BATTLE
for strengtheners of the BATTLE → WARRIORS

eflǫndum ‘for strengtheners’

(not checked:)
eflandi (noun m.): strengthener, provider < hríðeflandi (noun m.)

kennings

hjǫrva hríðeflǫndum,
‘storm-strengtheners of swords’
= WARRIORS
the storm of swords → BATTLE
for strengtheners of the BATTLE → WARRIORS

víða ‘far and wide’

(not checked:)
1. víða (adv.): widely

austr ‘in the east’

(not checked:)
3. austr (adv.; °compar. -ar, superl. -ast): east, in the east

notes

[7] austr ‘in the east’: That is, from an Icelandic perspective, in Norway. One or both of the adverbs austr and víða ‘far and wide’ could equally be attached to the second clause in the helmingr, though the present arrangement is simpler (see NN §1221).

þeims ‘who’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

unnu ‘practised’

(not checked:)
1. unna (verb): love

lǫstu ‘vice’

(not checked:)
lǫstr (noun m.; °lastar, dat. lesti/lǫst; lestir, acc. lǫstu/lasta(Mar655XXXII 462)): fault, sin

notes

[7] lǫstu ‘vice’: Acc. pl. of lǫstr m., which can mean simply ‘defect, fault’, but in the present context means ‘reprehensible acts’. Whether these are crimes, as in the first helmingr, or offences against religion, as ósiðr ‘immorality’ suggests, is not clear.

ó ‘im’

(not checked:)
ó- ((prefix)): un- < ósiðr (noun m.): immorality

sið ‘morality’

(not checked:)
siðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -u): faith, morals < ósiðr (noun m.): immorality

jǫfurr ‘the prince’

(not checked:)
jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

kviðjat ‘banned’

(not checked:)
kviðja (verb): [banned, a ban]

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