Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Anonymous Poems, Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar 15’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1047.
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allr (adj.): all
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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1. hræddr (adj.): afraid
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2. við (prep.): with, against
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hollr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): loyal
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hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven
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elgr (noun m.; °-s; -ir/-ar): elk < elgbjóðr (noun m.)
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elgr (noun m.; °-s; -ir/-ar): elk < elgbjóðr (noun m.)
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2. bjóðr (noun m.): inviter < elgbjóðr (noun m.)
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stafn (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): prow
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stafn (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): prow
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víðr (adj.): far
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bjóða (verb; °býðr; bauð, buðu; boðinn (buð- Thom¹ 5²n.)): offer, order, invite
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ǫðlingr (noun m.; °; -ar): prince, ruler
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ýtr (noun m.): man; launcher
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ó- ((prefix)): un- < óþjóð (noun f.): evildoer, evil tribe
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people < óþjóð (noun f.): evildoer, evil tribe
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siðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -u): faith, morals
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góðr (adj.): good
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1. vita (verb): know
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
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gumi (noun m.; °-a; gumar/gumnar): man
[5] gumnar ‘men’: This is abbreviated in the ms. with a superscript nasal bar over the first vowel. This is ambiguous, and previous eds have taken the word as gunnar, which could be gen. sg. of gunnr f. ‘battle’ or the valkyrie-name Gunnr, an additional determinant for the kenning. Thus LP: gríma 1 explains gríma gunnar ‘mask of battle’ as ‘helmet’, whose fár ‘harm’ is battle or sword. However, gríma f. often means ‘helmet’ alone (Meissner 164), and the same abbreviation stands for <m> in gumnum in st. 11/1.
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gríma (noun f.; °-u): night, darkness; mask
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gríma (noun f.; °-u): night, darkness; mask
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2. fár (noun n.; °-s): harm, danger
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2. fár (noun n.; °-s): harm, danger
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true < sannmiðjungr (noun m.)
[7, 8] heiðnir sannmiðjungar ‘heathen true giants’: The (slightly corrupt) ms. form of the adj. corresponds to heiðinn (m. nom./acc. sg.) ‘heathen’. It is emended here to pl., as in all previous eds, to agree with pl. sannmiðjungar ‘true giants’. The allusion to giants in a reference to heathens illustrates Snorri Sturluson’s remark that man-kennings with giant-names as base-word are normally insulting (SnE 1998, I, 40); cf. also Note to Anon Liðs 6/7-8.
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Miðjungr (noun m.; °; -ar): Miðjungr, giants < sannmiðjungr (noun m.)
[7, 8] heiðnir sannmiðjungar ‘heathen true giants’: The (slightly corrupt) ms. form of the adj. corresponds to heiðinn (m. nom./acc. sg.) ‘heathen’. It is emended here to pl., as in all previous eds, to agree with pl. sannmiðjungar ‘true giants’. The allusion to giants in a reference to heathens illustrates Snorri Sturluson’s remark that man-kennings with giant-names as base-word are normally insulting (SnE 1998, I, 40); cf. also Note to Anon Liðs 6/7-8.
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2. svinnr (adj.): wise
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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)
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2. leiðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): hateful, loathsome
[7, 8] heiðnir sannmiðjungar ‘heathen true giants’: The (slightly corrupt) ms. form of the adj. corresponds to heiðinn (m. nom./acc. sg.) ‘heathen’. It is emended here to pl., as in all previous eds, to agree with pl. sannmiðjungar ‘true giants’. The allusion to giants in a reference to heathens illustrates Snorri Sturluson’s remark that man-kennings with giant-names as base-word are normally insulting (SnE 1998, I, 40); cf. also Note to Anon Liðs 6/7-8.
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Ǫll vas hrædd við hollan |
The whole wicked tribe was afraid of the offerer of the elk of stems [(lit. ‘elk-offerer of stems’) SHIP > SEAFARER], gracious to the raven; the ruler proclaimed a good faith to people widely. Men who were heathen true giants of the harm of the helmet [SWORD > WARRIORS] knew that clever prince [to be] most hateful to them.
[1]: The line echoes Hfr ErfÓl 13/1.
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