Anonymous Poems, Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar 15

Kate Heslop

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Anon Óldr 15^I

Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Anonymous Poems, Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar 15’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1047.

Anonymous Poems Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar

14 15 16

kennings

stafna elgbjóð,
‘elk-offerer of stems’
= SEAFARER
the elk of stems, → SHIP
the offerer of the SHIP → SEAFARER

elg ‘of the elk’

(not checked:)
elgr (noun m.; °-s; -ir/-ar): elk < elgbjóðr (noun m.)

kennings

stafna elgbjóð,
‘elk-offerer of stems’
= SEAFARER
the elk of stems, → SHIP
the offerer of the SHIP → SEAFARER

bjóð ‘the offerer’

(not checked:)
2. bjóðr (noun m.): inviter < elgbjóðr (noun m.)

kennings

stafna elgbjóð,
‘elk-offerer of stems’
= SEAFARER
the elk of stems, → SHIP
the offerer of the SHIP → SEAFARER

stafna ‘of stems’

(not checked:)
stafn (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): prow

kennings

stafna elgbjóð,
‘elk-offerer of stems’
= SEAFARER
the elk of stems, → SHIP
the offerer of the SHIP → SEAFARER

stafna ‘of stems’

(not checked:)
stafn (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): prow

kennings

stafna elgbjóð,
‘elk-offerer of stems’
= SEAFARER
the elk of stems, → SHIP
the offerer of the SHIP → SEAFARER

vítt ‘widely’

(not checked:)
víðr (adj.): far

bauð ‘proclaimed’

(not checked:)
bjóða (verb; °býðr; bauð, buðu; boðinn (buð- Thom¹ 5²n.)): offer, order, invite

ǫðlingr ‘the ruler’

(not checked:)
ǫðlingr (noun m.; °; -ar): prince, ruler

ýtum ‘people’

(not checked:)
ýtr (noun m.): man; launcher

ó ‘wicked’

(not checked:)
ó- ((prefix)): un- < óþjóð (noun f.): evildoer, evil tribe

þjóð ‘tribe’

(not checked:)
þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people < óþjóð (noun f.): evildoer, evil tribe

siðu ‘to’

(not checked:)
siðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -u): faith, morals

góða ‘a good faith’

(not checked:)
góðr (adj.): good

Þann ‘that’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

vissu ‘knew’

(not checked:)
1. vita (verb): know

gram ‘prince’

(not checked:)
1. gramr (noun m.): ruler

gumnar ‘Men’

(not checked:)
gumi (noun m.; °-a; gumar/gumnar): man

notes

[5] gumnar ‘men’: This is abbreviated in the ms. with a superscript nasal bar over the first vowel. This is ambiguous, and previous eds have taken the word as gunnar, which could be gen. sg. of gunnr f. ‘battle’ or the valkyrie-name Gunnr, an additional determinant for the kenning. Thus LP: gríma 1 explains gríma gunnar ‘mask of battle’ as ‘helmet’, whose fár ‘harm’ is battle or sword. However, gríma f. often means ‘helmet’ alone (Meissner 164), and the same abbreviation stands for <m> in gumnum in st. 11/1.

grímu ‘of the helmet’

(not checked:)
gríma (noun f.; °-u): night, darkness; mask

kennings

heiðnir sannmiðjungar fárs grímu,
‘heathen true giants of the harm of the helmet ’
= WARRIORS
the harm of the helmet → SWORD
heathen true giants of the SWORD → WARRIORS

grímu ‘of the helmet’

(not checked:)
gríma (noun f.; °-u): night, darkness; mask

kennings

heiðnir sannmiðjungar fárs grímu,
‘heathen true giants of the harm of the helmet ’
= WARRIORS
the harm of the helmet → SWORD
heathen true giants of the SWORD → WARRIORS

fárs ‘of the harm’

(not checked:)
2. fár (noun n.; °-s): harm, danger

kennings

heiðnir sannmiðjungar fárs grímu,
‘heathen true giants of the harm of the helmet ’
= WARRIORS
the harm of the helmet → SWORD
heathen true giants of the SWORD → WARRIORS

fárs ‘of the harm’

(not checked:)
2. fár (noun n.; °-s): harm, danger

kennings

heiðnir sannmiðjungar fárs grímu,
‘heathen true giants of the harm of the helmet ’
= WARRIORS
the harm of the helmet → SWORD
heathen true giants of the SWORD → WARRIORS

þeirs ‘who’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

vôru ‘were’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

sann ‘true’

(not checked:)
2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true < sannmiðjungr (noun m.)

kennings

heiðnir sannmiðjungar fárs grímu,
‘heathen true giants of the harm of the helmet ’
= WARRIORS
the harm of the helmet → SWORD
heathen true giants of the SWORD → WARRIORS

notes

[7, 8] heiðnir sannmiðjungar ‘heathen true giants’: The (slightly corrupt) ms. form of the adj. corresponds to heiðinn (m. nom./acc. sg.) ‘heathen’. It is emended here to pl., as in all previous eds, to agree with pl. sannmiðjungar ‘true giants’. The allusion to giants in a reference to heathens illustrates Snorri Sturluson’s remark that man-kennings with giant-names as base-word are normally insulting (SnE 1998, I, 40); cf. also Note to Anon Liðs 6/7-8.

miðjungar ‘giants’

(not checked:)
Miðjungr (noun m.; °; -ar): Miðjungr, giants < sannmiðjungr (noun m.)

kennings

heiðnir sannmiðjungar fárs grímu,
‘heathen true giants of the harm of the helmet ’
= WARRIORS
the harm of the helmet → SWORD
heathen true giants of the SWORD → WARRIORS

notes

svinna ‘clever’

(not checked:)
2. svinnr (adj.): wise

notes

[7] svinna ‘clever’: Skj B and Skald emend to svinnan, the strong form of the m. acc. sg. adj., but this is unnecessary as the adj. may be weak after the demonstrative pron., here þann ‘that’; see NS §49; LP: sá 1.

sér ‘to them’

(not checked:)
sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)

leiðastan ‘most hateful’

(not checked:)
2. leiðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): hateful, loathsome

heiðnir ‘heathen’

(not checked:)
heiðinn (adj.): heathen

[8] heiðnir: ‘heidn̄’ Bb

kennings

heiðnir sannmiðjungar fárs grímu,
‘heathen true giants of the harm of the helmet ’
= WARRIORS
the harm of the helmet → SWORD
heathen true giants of the SWORD → WARRIORS

notes

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

[1]: The line echoes Hfr ErfÓl 13/1.

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Anon Óldr 15I

Ǫll ‘The whole’

vas ‘was’

hrædd ‘afraid’

við ‘of’

hollan ‘gracious to’

hrafni ‘the raven’

elg ‘of the elk’

kennings

elg ‘of the elk’

kennings

bjóð ‘the offerer’

kennings

stafna ‘of stems’

kennings

stafna ‘of stems’

kennings

vítt ‘widely’

bauð ‘proclaimed’

ǫðlingr ‘the ruler’

ýtum ‘people’

ó ‘wicked’

þjóð ‘tribe’

siðu ‘to’

góða ‘a good faith’

Þann ‘that’

vissu ‘knew’

gram ‘prince’

gumnar ‘Men’

notes

grímu ‘of the helmet’

kennings

grímu ‘of the helmet’

kennings

fárs ‘of the harm’

kennings

fárs ‘of the harm’

kennings

þeirs ‘who’

vôru ‘were’

sann ‘true’

kennings

notes

miðjungar ‘giants’

kennings

notes

svinna ‘clever’

notes

sér ‘to them’

leiðastan ‘most hateful’

heiðnir ‘heathen’

kennings

notes

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Anon Óldr 15^I