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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Anon Óldr 10^I

Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Anonymous Poems, Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar 10’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1042.

Anonymous Poems Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar

Harð ‘of the hard’

(not checked:)
harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh < harðráðr (adj.): hard-ruling

rôðum ‘ruling’

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-ráðr (adj.): -ful < harðráðr (adj.): hard-ruling

gekk ‘put themselves’

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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go

notes

[1, 3, 4] gekk á skotjǫrð heiðis ‘put themselves in the swaying earth of the hawk [HAND]’: An elaboration of the common expression ganga á hǫnd e-m, lit. ‘to go into sby’s hand’, hence ‘to submit to sby’ or (here) ‘to put oneself in sby’s hands’.

heiðis ‘of the hawk’

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heiðir (noun m.): hawk

kennings

skotjǫrð heiðis,
‘the swaying earth of the hawk, ’
= HAND
the swaying earth of the hawk, → HAND

notes

[1, 3, 4] gekk á skotjǫrð heiðis ‘put themselves in the swaying earth of the hawk [HAND]’: An elaboration of the common expression ganga á hǫnd e-m, lit. ‘to go into sby’s hand’, hence ‘to submit to sby’ or (here) ‘to put oneself in sby’s hands’.

hjaldr ‘of the uproar’

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1. hjaldr (noun m.): battle < hjaldrmǫgnuðr (noun m.)

kennings

skjaldar hjaldrmagnaði.
‘uproar-increaser of the shield’
= WARRIOR
the uproar of the shield. → BATTLE
increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

hjaldr ‘of the uproar’

(not checked:)
1. hjaldr (noun m.): battle < hjaldrmǫgnuðr (noun m.)

kennings

skjaldar hjaldrmagnaði.
‘uproar-increaser of the shield’
= WARRIOR
the uproar of the shield. → BATTLE
increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

magnaði ‘increaser’

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mǫgnuðr (noun m.): increaser < hjaldrmǫgnuðr (noun m.)

kennings

skjaldar hjaldrmagnaði.
‘uproar-increaser of the shield’
= WARRIOR
the uproar of the shield. → BATTLE
increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

skjaldar ‘of the shield’

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skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield

kennings

skjaldar hjaldrmagnaði.
‘uproar-increaser of the shield’
= WARRIOR
the uproar of the shield. → BATTLE
increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

skjaldar ‘of the shield’

(not checked:)
skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield

kennings

skjaldar hjaldrmagnaði.
‘uproar-increaser of the shield’
= WARRIOR
the uproar of the shield. → BATTLE
increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

skatna ‘of men’

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skati (noun m.; °-a; -nar): chieftan, prince

ætt ‘The kindred’

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1. ætt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): family

á ‘in’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

notes

[1, 3, 4] gekk á skotjǫrð heiðis ‘put themselves in the swaying earth of the hawk [HAND]’: An elaboration of the common expression ganga á hǫnd e-m, lit. ‘to go into sby’s hand’, hence ‘to submit to sby’ or (here) ‘to put oneself in sby’s hands’.

skreytta ‘adorned’

(not checked:)
skreyta (verb): adorn

[3] skreytta: skreyta Bb

notes

[3] skreytta ‘adorned’: This straightforward emendation improves the skothending (ætt : -eytt-) and allows this word to be taken as a participial adj. qualifying jǫrð ‘earth’ rather than a verb ‘to adorn’, which would be difficult to fit into the syntax. Cf. Note to st. 5/3 ár* on single/double consonant spellings in Bb.

skotjǫrð ‘the swaying earth’

(not checked:)
skotjǫrð (noun f.): [swaying earth]

kennings

skotjǫrð heiðis,
‘the swaying earth of the hawk, ’
= HAND
the swaying earth of the hawk, → HAND

notes

[1, 3, 4] gekk á skotjǫrð heiðis ‘put themselves in the swaying earth of the hawk [HAND]’: An elaboration of the common expression ganga á hǫnd e-m, lit. ‘to go into sby’s hand’, hence ‘to submit to sby’ or (here) ‘to put oneself in sby’s hands’. — [4] skotjǫrð ‘the swaying earth’: LP: skotjǫrð interprets this as skydende, udsendende jord ‘shooting, propelling earth’ and suggests it refers to the hawker’s hand propelling the bird into the air, but Kock (NN §2115) compares the hand-kenning bifvangr ýs ‘trembling field of the bow’, KormǪ Sigdr 7/3^III. He suggests skot- means ‘swaying’ (cf. adj. skoteygr ‘wandering-eyed’) and like bif- merely ‘corrects’ the metaphor of ‘earth, land’ with a reference to the animate character of the human body.

skotjǫrð ‘the swaying earth’

(not checked:)
skotjǫrð (noun f.): [swaying earth]

kennings

skotjǫrð heiðis,
‘the swaying earth of the hawk, ’
= HAND
the swaying earth of the hawk, → HAND

notes

[1, 3, 4] gekk á skotjǫrð heiðis ‘put themselves in the swaying earth of the hawk [HAND]’: An elaboration of the common expression ganga á hǫnd e-m, lit. ‘to go into sby’s hand’, hence ‘to submit to sby’ or (here) ‘to put oneself in sby’s hands’. — [4] skotjǫrð ‘the swaying earth’: LP: skotjǫrð interprets this as skydende, udsendende jord ‘shooting, propelling earth’ and suggests it refers to the hawker’s hand propelling the bird into the air, but Kock (NN §2115) compares the hand-kenning bifvangr ýs ‘trembling field of the bow’, KormǪ Sigdr 7/3^III. He suggests skot- means ‘swaying’ (cf. adj. skoteygr ‘wandering-eyed’) and like bif- merely ‘corrects’ the metaphor of ‘earth, land’ with a reference to the animate character of the human body.

loga ‘with the fire’

(not checked:)
logi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): flame

kennings

loga fjarðar,
‘with the fire of the fjord, ’
= GOLD
with the fire of the fjord, → GOLD

fjarðar ‘of the fjord’

(not checked:)
fjǫrðr (noun m.): fjord

kennings

loga fjarðar,
‘with the fire of the fjord, ’
= GOLD
with the fire of the fjord, → GOLD

Lýð ‘people’

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lýðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir): one of the people

gat ‘could’

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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love

lofðungr ‘The king’

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lofðungr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, leader

ráða ‘rule’

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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide

land ‘the land’s’

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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < landherr (noun m.): land’s people, land’s army

herr ‘people’

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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < landherr (noun m.): land’s people, land’s army

frá ‘from’

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frá (prep.): from

sið ‘faith’

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siðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -u): faith, morals

vǫndum ‘a wicked’

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vandr (adj.): difficult

þá ‘then’

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2. þá (adv.): then

hvarf ‘turned’

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1. hverfa (verb): turn, disappear

[7] hvarf: ‘hvraf’ Bb

notes

[7] hvarf ‘turned’: The Bb reading is evidently a scribal error, with the abbreviation for <ra> where <ar> was needed. On the placing of the verb, see Introduction.

allr ‘all’

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allr (adj.): all

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

illum ‘bad’

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illr (adj.): bad, evil, unwell

ólítt ‘to no small degree’

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ólítt (adv.): [to no small degree]

goðum ‘gods’

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goð (noun n.): (pagan) god

nítti ‘rejected’

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1. níta (verb): deny, reject

[8] nítti: om. Bb

notes

[8] nítti ‘rejected’: The final word of this line is omitted in Bb. Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s suggestion (1832, 11) of nítti (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘denied, rejected’ fits grammar, sense and metre, and has been adopted by all subsequent eds.

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