Anon Mgr 35VII
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Drápa af Máríugrát 35’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 783-4.
Síðan ‘Then’
(not checked:)
síðan (adv.): later, then
huldi ‘hid’
(not checked:)
2. hylja (verb): to bury, cover, inhume
lík ‘the body’
(not checked:)
1. lík (noun n.; °-s; -): body, shape
notes
[1, 2] lík hilmis runna* láða* sunnu ‘the body of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > ANGELS > = God (= Christ)]’: These emendations are conjectural. The ms. reading láðar is ungrammatical (the noun láð ‘land’ is n.). Skj B and Skald emend láðar to Laufa ‘of Laufi <sword>’, which is taken as the determinant in the kenning runnar Laufa ‘the trees of Laufi <sword>’ (i.e. ‘warriors, men’). That interpretation forces the emendation of huldi (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘hid’ (l. 1) to huldu (3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.) ‘hid’. Wrightson accepts the latter emendation and reads runnar laðar ‘the bushes of the metal plate’ [MEN] which is unmetrical, because the syllable in l.-initial position must be long (láð- rather than lað-) to avoid resolution and a hypometrical l.
í ‘in’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
leiði ‘the tomb’
(not checked:)
leiði (noun n.; °-s): grave
kennings
hilmis runna* láða* sunnu‘of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun ’
= God
the lands of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the trees of the SKY/HEAVEN → ANGELS
the lord of ANGELS → God
notes
[1, 2] lík hilmis runna* láða* sunnu ‘the body of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > ANGELS > = God (= Christ)]’: These emendations are conjectural. The ms. reading láðar is ungrammatical (the noun láð ‘land’ is n.). Skj B and Skald emend láðar to Laufa ‘of Laufi <sword>’, which is taken as the determinant in the kenning runnar Laufa ‘the trees of Laufi <sword>’ (i.e. ‘warriors, men’). That interpretation forces the emendation of huldi (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘hid’ (l. 1) to huldu (3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.) ‘hid’. Wrightson accepts the latter emendation and reads runnar laðar ‘the bushes of the metal plate’ [MEN] which is unmetrical, because the syllable in l.-initial position must be long (láð- rather than lað-) to avoid resolution and a hypometrical l.
kennings
hilmis runna* láða* sunnu‘of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun ’
= God
the lands of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the trees of the SKY/HEAVEN → ANGELS
the lord of ANGELS → God
notes
[1, 2] lík hilmis runna* láða* sunnu ‘the body of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > ANGELS > = God (= Christ)]’: These emendations are conjectural. The ms. reading láðar is ungrammatical (the noun láð ‘land’ is n.). Skj B and Skald emend láðar to Laufa ‘of Laufi <sword>’, which is taken as the determinant in the kenning runnar Laufa ‘the trees of Laufi <sword>’ (i.e. ‘warriors, men’). That interpretation forces the emendation of huldi (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘hid’ (l. 1) to huldu (3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.) ‘hid’. Wrightson accepts the latter emendation and reads runnar laðar ‘the bushes of the metal plate’ [MEN] which is unmetrical, because the syllable in l.-initial position must be long (láð- rather than lað-) to avoid resolution and a hypometrical l.
kennings
hilmis runna* láða* sunnu‘of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun ’
= God
the lands of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the trees of the SKY/HEAVEN → ANGELS
the lord of ANGELS → God
notes
[1, 2] lík hilmis runna* láða* sunnu ‘the body of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > ANGELS > = God (= Christ)]’: These emendations are conjectural. The ms. reading láðar is ungrammatical (the noun láð ‘land’ is n.). Skj B and Skald emend láðar to Laufa ‘of Laufi <sword>’, which is taken as the determinant in the kenning runnar Laufa ‘the trees of Laufi <sword>’ (i.e. ‘warriors, men’). That interpretation forces the emendation of huldi (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘hid’ (l. 1) to huldu (3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.) ‘hid’. Wrightson accepts the latter emendation and reads runnar laðar ‘the bushes of the metal plate’ [MEN] which is unmetrical, because the syllable in l.-initial position must be long (láð- rather than lað-) to avoid resolution and a hypometrical l.
runna* ‘of the trees’
(not checked:)
runnr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): bush, tree
[2] runna*: runnar 713
kennings
hilmis runna* láða* sunnu‘of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun ’
= God
the lands of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the trees of the SKY/HEAVEN → ANGELS
the lord of ANGELS → God
notes
[1, 2] lík hilmis runna* láða* sunnu ‘the body of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > ANGELS > = God (= Christ)]’: These emendations are conjectural. The ms. reading láðar is ungrammatical (the noun láð ‘land’ is n.). Skj B and Skald emend láðar to Laufa ‘of Laufi <sword>’, which is taken as the determinant in the kenning runnar Laufa ‘the trees of Laufi <sword>’ (i.e. ‘warriors, men’). That interpretation forces the emendation of huldi (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘hid’ (l. 1) to huldu (3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.) ‘hid’. Wrightson accepts the latter emendation and reads runnar laðar ‘the bushes of the metal plate’ [MEN] which is unmetrical, because the syllable in l.-initial position must be long (láð- rather than lað-) to avoid resolution and a hypometrical l.
runna* ‘of the trees’
(not checked:)
runnr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): bush, tree
[2] runna*: runnar 713
kennings
hilmis runna* láða* sunnu‘of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun ’
= God
the lands of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the trees of the SKY/HEAVEN → ANGELS
the lord of ANGELS → God
notes
[1, 2] lík hilmis runna* láða* sunnu ‘the body of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > ANGELS > = God (= Christ)]’: These emendations are conjectural. The ms. reading láðar is ungrammatical (the noun láð ‘land’ is n.). Skj B and Skald emend láðar to Laufa ‘of Laufi <sword>’, which is taken as the determinant in the kenning runnar Laufa ‘the trees of Laufi <sword>’ (i.e. ‘warriors, men’). That interpretation forces the emendation of huldi (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘hid’ (l. 1) to huldu (3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.) ‘hid’. Wrightson accepts the latter emendation and reads runnar laðar ‘the bushes of the metal plate’ [MEN] which is unmetrical, because the syllable in l.-initial position must be long (láð- rather than lað-) to avoid resolution and a hypometrical l.
hilmis ‘of the lord’
(not checked:)
hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
kennings
hilmis runna* láða* sunnu‘of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun ’
= God
the lands of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the trees of the SKY/HEAVEN → ANGELS
the lord of ANGELS → God
notes
[1, 2] lík hilmis runna* láða* sunnu ‘the body of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > ANGELS > = God (= Christ)]’: These emendations are conjectural. The ms. reading láðar is ungrammatical (the noun láð ‘land’ is n.). Skj B and Skald emend láðar to Laufa ‘of Laufi <sword>’, which is taken as the determinant in the kenning runnar Laufa ‘the trees of Laufi <sword>’ (i.e. ‘warriors, men’). That interpretation forces the emendation of huldi (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘hid’ (l. 1) to huldu (3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.) ‘hid’. Wrightson accepts the latter emendation and reads runnar laðar ‘the bushes of the metal plate’ [MEN] which is unmetrical, because the syllable in l.-initial position must be long (láð- rather than lað-) to avoid resolution and a hypometrical l.
sunnu ‘of the sun’
(not checked:)
sunna (noun f.): sun
kennings
hilmis runna* láða* sunnu‘of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun ’
= God
the lands of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the trees of the SKY/HEAVEN → ANGELS
the lord of ANGELS → God
notes
[1, 2] lík hilmis runna* láða* sunnu ‘the body of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > ANGELS > = God (= Christ)]’: These emendations are conjectural. The ms. reading láðar is ungrammatical (the noun láð ‘land’ is n.). Skj B and Skald emend láðar to Laufa ‘of Laufi <sword>’, which is taken as the determinant in the kenning runnar Laufa ‘the trees of Laufi <sword>’ (i.e. ‘warriors, men’). That interpretation forces the emendation of huldi (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘hid’ (l. 1) to huldu (3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.) ‘hid’. Wrightson accepts the latter emendation and reads runnar laðar ‘the bushes of the metal plate’ [MEN] which is unmetrical, because the syllable in l.-initial position must be long (láð- rather than lað-) to avoid resolution and a hypometrical l.
sunnu ‘of the sun’
(not checked:)
sunna (noun f.): sun
kennings
hilmis runna* láða* sunnu‘of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun ’
= God
the lands of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the trees of the SKY/HEAVEN → ANGELS
the lord of ANGELS → God
notes
[1, 2] lík hilmis runna* láða* sunnu ‘the body of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > ANGELS > = God (= Christ)]’: These emendations are conjectural. The ms. reading láðar is ungrammatical (the noun láð ‘land’ is n.). Skj B and Skald emend láðar to Laufa ‘of Laufi <sword>’, which is taken as the determinant in the kenning runnar Laufa ‘the trees of Laufi <sword>’ (i.e. ‘warriors, men’). That interpretation forces the emendation of huldi (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘hid’ (l. 1) to huldu (3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.) ‘hid’. Wrightson accepts the latter emendation and reads runnar laðar ‘the bushes of the metal plate’ [MEN] which is unmetrical, because the syllable in l.-initial position must be long (láð- rather than lað-) to avoid resolution and a hypometrical l.
sunnu ‘of the sun’
(not checked:)
sunna (noun f.): sun
kennings
hilmis runna* láða* sunnu‘of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun ’
= God
the lands of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the trees of the SKY/HEAVEN → ANGELS
the lord of ANGELS → God
notes
[1, 2] lík hilmis runna* láða* sunnu ‘the body of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > ANGELS > = God (= Christ)]’: These emendations are conjectural. The ms. reading láðar is ungrammatical (the noun láð ‘land’ is n.). Skj B and Skald emend láðar to Laufa ‘of Laufi <sword>’, which is taken as the determinant in the kenning runnar Laufa ‘the trees of Laufi <sword>’ (i.e. ‘warriors, men’). That interpretation forces the emendation of huldi (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘hid’ (l. 1) to huldu (3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.) ‘hid’. Wrightson accepts the latter emendation and reads runnar laðar ‘the bushes of the metal plate’ [MEN] which is unmetrical, because the syllable in l.-initial position must be long (láð- rather than lað-) to avoid resolution and a hypometrical l.
æstr ‘the greatest’
(not checked:)
œðri (adj. comp.): nobler, higher
var ‘was’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
harmr ‘the grief’
(not checked:)
1. harmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sorrow, grief
er ‘when’
(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when
eg ‘I’
(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
Jésús ‘Jesus’
(not checked:)
Jésús (noun m.): Jesus
mista ‘lost’
(not checked:)
mista (verb): lose
aldri ‘never’
(not checked:)
aldri (adv.): never
kom ‘come’
(not checked:)
koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
mier ‘my’
(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
neitt ‘anything’
(not checked:)
1. neita (verb): refuse
að ‘to’
(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to
haldi ‘support’
(not checked:)
hald (noun n.; °-s; *-): support
Leið ‘went’
(not checked:)
1. líða (verb): move, glide
svá ‘Thus’
(not checked:)
svá (adv.): so, thus
fram ‘’
(not checked:)
fram (adv.): out, forth, forwards, away
kvað ‘said’
(not checked:)
2. kveðja (verb; kvaddi): (dd) request, address, greet
lofðungs ‘of the ruler’
(not checked:)
lofðungr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, leader
kennings
móðir lofðungs veldis himna,‘the mother of the ruler of the realm of the heavens, ’
= Mary
the ruler of the realm of the heavens, → God
the mother of GOD → Mary
lofðungs ‘of the ruler’
(not checked:)
lofðungr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, leader
kennings
móðir lofðungs veldis himna,‘the mother of the ruler of the realm of the heavens, ’
= Mary
the ruler of the realm of the heavens, → God
the mother of GOD → Mary
móðir ‘the mother’
(not checked:)
móðir (noun f.): mother
kennings
móðir lofðungs veldis himna,‘the mother of the ruler of the realm of the heavens, ’
= Mary
the ruler of the realm of the heavens, → God
the mother of GOD → Mary
langa ‘for a long’
(not checked:)
langr (adj.; °compar. lengri, superl. lengstr): long
stund ‘time’
(not checked:)
stund (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): time, hour
að ‘that’
(not checked:)
4. at (conj.): that
eg ‘I’
(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
mátta ‘could’
(not checked:)
mega (verb): may, might
ei ‘not’
(not checked:)
3. ei (adv.): not
ganga ‘walk’
(not checked:)
2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
hvílaz ‘to rest’
(not checked:)
2. hvíla (verb): rest
vilda ‘wished’
(not checked:)
vilja (verb): want, intend
eg ‘I’
(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
himna ‘of the heavens’
(not checked:)
himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky
kennings
móðir lofðungs veldis himna,‘the mother of the ruler of the realm of the heavens, ’
= Mary
the ruler of the realm of the heavens, → God
the mother of GOD → Mary
notes
[7] veldis himna ‘of the realm of the heavens’: Wrightson takes this as the determinant in a kenning with a suppressed base-word (stillis ‘lord’), a parallel construction to stillis heiðar tjalds ‘the lord of the heath’s tent’ (l. 8).
himna ‘of the heavens’
(not checked:)
himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky
kennings
móðir lofðungs veldis himna,‘the mother of the ruler of the realm of the heavens, ’
= Mary
the ruler of the realm of the heavens, → God
the mother of GOD → Mary
notes
[7] veldis himna ‘of the realm of the heavens’: Wrightson takes this as the determinant in a kenning with a suppressed base-word (stillis ‘lord’), a parallel construction to stillis heiðar tjalds ‘the lord of the heath’s tent’ (l. 8).
veldis ‘of the realm’
(not checked:)
veldi (noun n.): realm
kennings
móðir lofðungs veldis himna,‘the mother of the ruler of the realm of the heavens, ’
= Mary
the ruler of the realm of the heavens, → God
the mother of GOD → Mary
notes
[7] veldis himna ‘of the realm of the heavens’: Wrightson takes this as the determinant in a kenning with a suppressed base-word (stillis ‘lord’), a parallel construction to stillis heiðar tjalds ‘the lord of the heath’s tent’ (l. 8).
veldis ‘of the realm’
(not checked:)
veldi (noun n.): realm
kennings
móðir lofðungs veldis himna,‘the mother of the ruler of the realm of the heavens, ’
= Mary
the ruler of the realm of the heavens, → God
the mother of GOD → Mary
notes
[7] veldis himna ‘of the realm of the heavens’: Wrightson takes this as the determinant in a kenning with a suppressed base-word (stillis ‘lord’), a parallel construction to stillis heiðar tjalds ‘the lord of the heath’s tent’ (l. 8).
heiðar ‘of the heath’s’
(not checked:)
3. heiðr (noun f.; °heiðar, dat./acc heiði; heiðar): heath
kennings
stillis heiðar tjalds.‘of the lord of the heath’s tent.’
= God
the heath’s tent. → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
heiðar ‘of the heath’s’
(not checked:)
3. heiðr (noun f.; °heiðar, dat./acc heiði; heiðar): heath
kennings
stillis heiðar tjalds.‘of the lord of the heath’s tent.’
= God
the heath’s tent. → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
tjalds ‘tent’
(not checked:)
tjald (noun n.; °-s; *-): tent, awning
kennings
stillis heiðar tjalds.‘of the lord of the heath’s tent.’
= God
the heath’s tent. → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
tjalds ‘tent’
(not checked:)
tjald (noun n.; °-s; *-): tent, awning
kennings
stillis heiðar tjalds.‘of the lord of the heath’s tent.’
= God
the heath’s tent. → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
við ‘by’
(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against
stillis ‘of the lord’
(not checked:)
stillir (noun m.): ruler
kennings
stillis heiðar tjalds.‘of the lord of the heath’s tent.’
= God
the heath’s tent. → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
leiði ‘the tomb’
(not checked:)
leiði (noun n.; °-s): grave
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
‘Then he hid the body of the lord of the trees of the lands of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > ANGELS > = God (= Christ)] in the tomb; the grief was the greatest when I lost Jesus; never did anything come to my support. Thus it went for a long time’, said the mother of the ruler of the realm of the heavens [= God (= Christ) > = Mary], ‘that I could not walk; I wished to rest by the tomb of the lord of the heath’s tent [SKY/HEAVEN > = God (= Christ)].
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