Anon Gyð 5VII
Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Gyðingsvísur 5’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 521-2.
Fyrr ‘sooner’
(not checked:)
fyrr (adv.): before, sooner
þraut ‘came to an end’
(not checked:)
þrjóta (verb; str. 2; þrýtr, þraut, þrutu, þrotinn): end, fail
[1] þraut: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘þra[...]’ B, ‘þrau[...]’ BRydberg, BFJ
aura ‘The money’
(not checked:)
eyrir (noun m.; °eyris, dat. eyri; aurar): ounce, money, property
errins ‘of the brave’
(not checked:)
errinn (adj.): bold
kennings
fetilþielar ielmeiðs errins‘of the strap-file’s brave storm-tree’
= WARRIOR
the strap-file → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the brave tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
iel ‘of the storm’
(not checked:)
él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm < élmeiðr (noun m.)
kennings
fetilþielar ielmeiðs errins‘of the strap-file’s brave storm-tree’
= WARRIOR
the strap-file → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the brave tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
iel ‘of the storm’
(not checked:)
él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm < élmeiðr (noun m.)
kennings
fetilþielar ielmeiðs errins‘of the strap-file’s brave storm-tree’
= WARRIOR
the strap-file → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the brave tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
meiðs ‘tree’
(not checked:)
meiðr (noun m.): beam, tree < élmeiðr (noun m.)
kennings
fetilþielar ielmeiðs errins‘of the strap-file’s brave storm-tree’
= WARRIOR
the strap-file → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the brave tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
fetil ‘of the strap’
(not checked:)
fetill (noun m.; °dat. fatli/fetli; fetlar): strap, sword-belt < fetilþél (noun f.)
kennings
fetilþielar ielmeiðs errins‘of the strap-file’s brave storm-tree’
= WARRIOR
the strap-file → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the brave tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
fetil ‘of the strap’
(not checked:)
fetill (noun m.; °dat. fatli/fetli; fetlar): strap, sword-belt < fetilþél (noun f.)
kennings
fetilþielar ielmeiðs errins‘of the strap-file’s brave storm-tree’
= WARRIOR
the strap-file → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the brave tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
fetil ‘of the strap’
(not checked:)
fetill (noun m.; °dat. fatli/fetli; fetlar): strap, sword-belt < fetilþél (noun f.)
kennings
fetilþielar ielmeiðs errins‘of the strap-file’s brave storm-tree’
= WARRIOR
the strap-file → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the brave tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
þielar ‘file’
(not checked:)
þél (noun f.; °; -ar): file < fetilþél (noun f.)
kennings
fetilþielar ielmeiðs errins‘of the strap-file’s brave storm-tree’
= WARRIOR
the strap-file → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the brave tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
þielar ‘file’
(not checked:)
þél (noun f.; °; -ar): file < fetilþél (noun f.)
kennings
fetilþielar ielmeiðs errins‘of the strap-file’s brave storm-tree’
= WARRIOR
the strap-file → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the brave tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
þielar ‘file’
(not checked:)
þél (noun f.; °; -ar): file < fetilþél (noun f.)
kennings
fetilþielar ielmeiðs errins‘of the strap-file’s brave storm-tree’
= WARRIOR
the strap-file → SWORD
the storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
the brave tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
óðs ‘of the furious’
(not checked:)
2. óðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): raging, furious
kennings
gæðis óðs regns odda‘of the strengthener of the furious rain of sword-points ’
= WARRIOR
the furious rain of sword-points → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
óðs ‘of the furious’
(not checked:)
2. óðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): raging, furious
kennings
gæðis óðs regns odda‘of the strengthener of the furious rain of sword-points ’
= WARRIOR
the furious rain of sword-points → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
en ‘than’
(not checked:)
4. en (conj.): than
ör ‘’
(not checked:)
ǫr- ((prefix)): eager[?] < 1. ǫrleikr (noun m.): munificence
leik ‘the generosity’
(not checked:)
1. leikr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ar): sport, play < 1. ǫrleikr (noun m.): munificence
gæðis ‘of the strengthener’
(not checked:)
gœðir (noun m.): strengthener, increaser
kennings
gæðis óðs regns odda‘of the strengthener of the furious rain of sword-points ’
= WARRIOR
the furious rain of sword-points → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
odda ‘of sword-points’
(not checked:)
oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon
kennings
gæðis óðs regns odda‘of the strengthener of the furious rain of sword-points ’
= WARRIOR
the furious rain of sword-points → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
odda ‘of sword-points’
(not checked:)
oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon
kennings
gæðis óðs regns odda‘of the strengthener of the furious rain of sword-points ’
= WARRIOR
the furious rain of sword-points → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
regns ‘rain’
(not checked:)
regn (noun n.; °-s; -): rain
kennings
gæðis óðs regns odda‘of the strengthener of the furious rain of sword-points ’
= WARRIOR
the furious rain of sword-points → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
regns ‘rain’
(not checked:)
regn (noun n.; °-s; -): rain
kennings
gæðis óðs regns odda‘of the strengthener of the furious rain of sword-points ’
= WARRIOR
the furious rain of sword-points → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
við ‘towards’
(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against
þegna ‘men’
(not checked:)
þegn (noun m.; °dat. -/-i; -ar): thane, man, franklin
[4] þegna: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘[...]gna’ B, BRydberg, BFJ
Al ‘completely’
(not checked:)
al- ((prefix)): very < alsnauðr (adj.)
[5] Alsnauður varð: ‘alsna[...]r[...]d’ B, ‘alsnaudr vard’ 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, BFJ
notes
[5] alsnauður ‘completely impoverished’: Without the svarabhakti vowel, l. 5 is a syllable short, so the desyllabified adj. is metrically necessary. Kock (NN §2981) objects to Skj B’s normalisation to alsnauður on the grounds that similar forms are not found elsewhere in Gyð (but see Note to 7/1). He suggests that the metre be regularized by inserting þá ‘then’ after varð. We are not, however, in any doubt as to the timescale of the rich man’s descent into penury, since the poet (whose ambitious man-kenning is straining his versification) tells us twice: á lesti ‘eventually’ (l. 6) and til lykta ‘in the end’ (l. 7). Kock’s emendation would thus introduce a semantically redundant form here.
snauður ‘impoverished’
(not checked:)
snauðr (adj.): bereft, poor < alsnauðr (adj.)
[5] Alsnauður varð: ‘alsna[...]r[...]d’ B, ‘alsnaudr vard’ 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, BFJ
notes
[5] alsnauður ‘completely impoverished’: Without the svarabhakti vowel, l. 5 is a syllable short, so the desyllabified adj. is metrically necessary. Kock (NN §2981) objects to Skj B’s normalisation to alsnauður on the grounds that similar forms are not found elsewhere in Gyð (but see Note to 7/1). He suggests that the metre be regularized by inserting þá ‘then’ after varð. We are not, however, in any doubt as to the timescale of the rich man’s descent into penury, since the poet (whose ambitious man-kenning is straining his versification) tells us twice: á lesti ‘eventually’ (l. 6) and til lykta ‘in the end’ (l. 7). Kock’s emendation would thus introduce a semantically redundant form here.
varð ‘became’
(not checked:)
1. verða (verb): become, be
[5] Alsnauður varð: ‘alsna[...]r[...]d’ B, ‘alsnaudr vard’ 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, BFJ
eyðir ‘The destroyer’
(not checked:)
eyðir (noun m.): destroyer
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
örvi ‘in generosity’
(not checked:)
Ǫrvendill (noun m.): [in generosity]
mestr ‘excelling’
(not checked:)
meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most
á ‘in’
(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at
lesti ‘the end’
(not checked:)
lesti (noun n.): end, the last
[6] lesti: so 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, BFJ, ‘les[...]i’ B
lýsi ‘of the bright’
(not checked:)
2. lýsa (verb): illuminate, show < lýsiblik (noun n.)
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
lýsi ‘of the bright’
(not checked:)
2. lýsa (verb): illuminate, show < lýsiblik (noun n.)
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
bliks ‘flash’
(not checked:)
blik (noun n.): gleam < lýsiblik (noun n.)
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
bliks ‘flash’
(not checked:)
blik (noun n.): gleam < lýsiblik (noun n.)
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
til ‘’
(not checked:)
til (prep.): to
lykta ‘eventually’
(not checked:)
1. lykða (verb): [eventually]
lands ‘of the land’
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
[8] lands skævaðar: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘l[...]ndz skeu[...]d[...]’ B, ‘l[...]nndz skeuadar’ BRydberg, BFJ
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
lands ‘of the land’
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
[8] lands skævaðar: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘l[...]ndz skeu[...]d[...]’ B, ‘l[...]nndz skeuadar’ BRydberg, BFJ
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
lands ‘of the land’
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
[8] lands skævaðar: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘l[...]ndz skeu[...]d[...]’ B, ‘l[...]nndz skeuadar’ BRydberg, BFJ
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
skævaðar ‘of the high-strider’
(not checked:)
skævaðr (noun m.): high-strider
[8] lands skævaðar: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘l[...]ndz skeu[...]d[...]’ B, ‘l[...]nndz skeuadar’ BRydberg, BFJ
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[8] skævaðar ‘high-strider’: Skævaðr is listed among horse-heiti in Anon Þorgþ I 2/2III and in Þul Hesta 1/6III.
skævaðar ‘of the high-strider’
(not checked:)
skævaðr (noun m.): high-strider
[8] lands skævaðar: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘l[...]ndz skeu[...]d[...]’ B, ‘l[...]nndz skeuadar’ BRydberg, BFJ
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[8] skævaðar ‘high-strider’: Skævaðr is listed among horse-heiti in Anon Þorgþ I 2/2III and in Þul Hesta 1/6III.
skævaðar ‘of the high-strider’
(not checked:)
skævaðr (noun m.): high-strider
[8] lands skævaðar: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘l[...]ndz skeu[...]d[...]’ B, ‘l[...]nndz skeuadar’ BRydberg, BFJ
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[8] skævaðar ‘high-strider’: Skævaðr is listed among horse-heiti in Anon Þorgþ I 2/2III and in Þul Hesta 1/6III.
skævaðar ‘of the high-strider’
(not checked:)
skævaðr (noun m.): high-strider
[8] lands skævaðar: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘l[...]ndz skeu[...]d[...]’ B, ‘l[...]nndz skeuadar’ BRydberg, BFJ
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[8] skævaðar ‘high-strider’: Skævaðr is listed among horse-heiti in Anon Þorgþ I 2/2III and in Þul Hesta 1/6III.
branda ‘of planks’
(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
branda ‘of planks’
(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
branda ‘of planks’
(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
branda ‘of planks’
(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
kennings
Eyðir lýsibliks lands skævaðar branda,‘The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider of planks, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the high-strider of planks, → SHIP
the land of the SHIP → SEA
the bright flash of the SEA → GOLD
The destroyer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Fyrr þraut aura errins |
The money of the brave tree of the storm of the strap-file [(lit. ‘of the strap-file’s brave storm-tree’) SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR] came to an end sooner than the generosity of the strengthener of the furious rain of sword-points [BATTLE > WARRIOR] towards men. The destroyer of the bright flash of the land of the high-strider <horse> of planks [SHIP > SEA > GOLD > GENEROUS MAN], excelling in generosity, eventually became in the end completely impoverished.
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